Ahmed Khalid Ahmed; Nagam Khudhair; Sherif Melak; Zheng Peng
Volume 24, Issue 4 , December 2024, , Pages 266-279
Abstract
Selenium is a vital nutrient for poultry, crucial for immune system regulation and function. We investigated the effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on the expression genes of an immune response, selenoprotein P, programmed cell death, Antioxidants, and metabolism genes in the development ...
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Selenium is a vital nutrient for poultry, crucial for immune system regulation and function. We investigated the effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on the expression genes of an immune response, selenoprotein P, programmed cell death, Antioxidants, and metabolism genes in the development of chicken liver. 400 chicks (broiler) of males were used and birds were divided equally across 4 diet treatments as 100 birds for each treatment. The control first group (T1) was fed a standard diet, the second experiment group (T2) was fed the experimental diet (a basic diet containing + 0.4 mg inorganic selenium Se/kg) and nontreated water, the third experiment group (T3) added selenium to water (standard diet and treated water (300ppm) Solution selenium), and the fourth experiment group (T4) added selenium to water (Solution selenium 300ppm) and to fed the experimental diet (basic diet containing + 0.4mg inorganic selenium Se/kg). The liver was collected individually after 6 weeks of feeding. The results indicated that IL-1β gene expression increased in T4 and the SePP1 gene increased in T3, as a significant increase in the Fas and FaslG genes in T4 and T3 respectively. Antioxidants and metabolic genes also increased in the T4 and T3 respectively. Therefore, these results indicate that nutritional supplements containing selenium especially when given with water or with water and feed, improve the immune response, apoptosis, antioxidants, and metabolic genes in chicken liver tissue.
Shabaz H. Hama; Kadhm A. Muhammad
Volume 24, Issue 2 , June 2024, , Pages 214-222
Abstract
To study the bioactive substances of the walnut kernel of six cultivars which were newly selected from Kurdistan-Iraq and one type import from America, analyzed for their phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) was used for phenolic compound estimation, ...
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To study the bioactive substances of the walnut kernel of six cultivars which were newly selected from Kurdistan-Iraq and one type import from America, analyzed for their phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) was used for phenolic compound estimation, GC (Gas chromatography) for fatty acid analysis, and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging. In terms of fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid of all seven types we analyzed, all of them had a significant result. As for antioxidants, the same as before, the antioxidants were significant for all the chosen samples. In terms of phenolic compounds, quinic acid, gallic acid, 1,2,3,6 trigalloyl glucose, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and rutin, all types were significant as well. Finally, our results show that most of them were of high significance. Some regions in the Kurdistan region of Iraq showed high results for important secondary products, while the American counterpart is lower but still better than some of the Kurdistan region walnuts
Hudhayfa I. Al-Alwani; Noor J. Fadhil; Saad I. Yousif
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 74-84
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the chemical make-up of various grains and to analyze the chemical compositions, fatty acids, and antioxidant content of biscuits made with varying amounts of sesame and flax flour (0, 10, 20, and 25% replacement ratios). The chemical composition ...
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The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the chemical make-up of various grains and to analyze the chemical compositions, fatty acids, and antioxidant content of biscuits made with varying amounts of sesame and flax flour (0, 10, 20, and 25% replacement ratios). The chemical composition of the biscuits created by substituting sesame flour and flax indicated that the moisture content in all samples was between 5.90 and 6.33%, although the findings showed a disparity in the percentage of moisture for the various biscuit kinds. The proportion of ash increased dramatically with the replacement rates, from 1.33 to 1.70%. The BS25% treatment had the greatest protein concentration, at 14.43%. As the rate of replacement increased, a corresponding rise in protein content was seen. There was also a correlation between the replacement rates for the treatments investigated and the proportion of fats, with the highest percentage of fats being 10.33%. The BS20% treatment had the greatest fiber percentage (12.20%). The highest carbohydrate percentages (55.10-68.33%) suggested a decreasing carbohydrate ratio when replacement rates were increased. The outcomes also demonstrated that both essential and non-essential fatty acids were present in all types of grains studied. Finally, the highest proportion of antioxidants, which reached 58%, was recorded with the biscuits without any substitutes.
