Farhan Al-Behadili; Qasim Ahmed; Thamer Al-Shuwaili; Beibei Li; Yonglin Ren
Volume 24, Issue 2 , June 2024, , Pages 1-13
Abstract
The hypothesized role of stress-inducible heat shock proteins is to act as a buffer against environmental variations and affect fitness in suboptimal conditions. Our study examining the functions of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in the eggs of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). We utilized ...
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The hypothesized role of stress-inducible heat shock proteins is to act as a buffer against environmental variations and affect fitness in suboptimal conditions. Our study examining the functions of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in the eggs of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). We utilized double-stranded RNA, specifically targeting the Hsp27 gene, to reduce its expression and assessed the consequent impact on egg viability. The investigation included the examination of early eggs (less than 6 hours post-laying) and late eggs (more than 42 hours post-laying), using varying concentrations (0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 µg/µL) of Hsp27 dsRNA. Control groups of eggs were dsRNA of ATPase, Cctra-2, or phosphate buffer solution (ph-B-S). Down-regulating Hsp27 dsRNA reduced the hatching rate of the eggs compared to the hatching rate in the control groups, especially in the ph-B-S group. The early eggs were more affected than the late eggs after soaking with Hsp27 dsRNA, where the Hsp27 dsRNA decreased the hatching rates to 12.91% early. The tested concentration of 0.2 µg/µL of Hsp27 dsRNA was achieved with the most significant reduction of 2.75 in egg viability. The sex ratio of insects hatched from treated eggs was investigated after hatching. After the down-regulation of Hsp27, there was no significant effect of the Hsp27 down-regulation on the sex ratio.
Abdullah Abdul Kareem Hassan; Miqdad Saleh Al Daraji; Abdulkareem Eraibi Alkurtany
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 135-142
Abstract
The research was carried out in a mushroom farm, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, five microelements were tested, namely, iron, manganese, molybdenum, Zinc and boron, and a combination of these five elements, in addition biological agent, Pseudomonas fluva, to control of the brown blotch disease ...
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The research was carried out in a mushroom farm, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, five microelements were tested, namely, iron, manganese, molybdenum, Zinc and boron, and a combination of these five elements, in addition biological agent, Pseudomonas fluva, to control of the brown blotch disease caused by pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas tolaasii on the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that all the treatments of the micro-elements as well as the growth-promoting bacteria P. fluva led to a significant superiority in the higher productivity of A. bisporus fruit bodies compared to the treatment of the pathogenic bacteria P. tolaasii only. The highest productivity of the fruit bodies was reached in the treatment of the elements mixture with beneficial bacteria P. fluva, which amounted to 2675.6 g / 20 kg compost, with a biological efficiency of 79.59%. At the level of elements, molybdenum (without bacteria) and with P. fluva outperformed the other elements by recording the highest productivity of 2533.2 and 2527.4 g / 20 kg compost with a biological efficiency of 80.26 and 79.0% , respectively, compared to the lowest productivity of 1404.3 g / 20 kg compost with a biological efficiency of 45.7 in the pathogenic bacteria P. tolaasii. The results showed that all treatments of the elements individually and in combination led to a significant decrease in the infection rate, no infection rate was recorded in the treatments of the elements mixture with the presence of pathogenic bacteria P. tolaasii with beneficial P. fluva compared to the highest infection rate of 32% in the treatment of P. tolaasii.
Muhammad Shaker Mansour; Abdullah Abdul Kareem Hassan; Raghad Saad Daham
Volume 22, Issue 3 , September 2022, , Pages 120-129
Abstract
A field evaluation test of the compatibility effect of the pesticide Dominante with different concentrations of T. longibrachiatum and M.anisopliae spore suspensions on the mortality rate of various stages of green peach on the cold pepper showed the superiority of the treatment M9 (M.anisopliae 1010 ...
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A field evaluation test of the compatibility effect of the pesticide Dominante with different concentrations of T. longibrachiatum and M.anisopliae spore suspensions on the mortality rate of various stages of green peach on the cold pepper showed the superiority of the treatment M9 (M.anisopliae 1010 + Dominante (0.5 g/L)) followed by T9 (T. longibrachiatum 1010 + Dominate (0.5 g/L)) with mortality rate reached to 100 and 99.1%, respectively, after 7 days from the treatment. The results showed that the highest values of plant height, root length and dry weight of shoot and root systems were recorded at treatments T6 (T. longibrachiatum 1010 + Dominante (0.25 g/L)) and T5 (T. longibrachiatum 108 + Dominante (0.25g /L)), as the height of the plant reached (34.33 and 32,) cm respectively, the length of the root system reached to (16 and 14) cm, respectively, while the dry weights of the shoot system were (7.81and 7.69) g and the dry root weights were (5.89 and 5.22) g, respectively, compared with the lowest values for these makers in the control which were 17.12 cm, 7.73 cm, 2.89 g and 3.71 g, respectively. The results also showed the compatibility effect of the pesticide Dominante with different concentrations of the T.longibrachiatum and M.anisopliae spores on the number and weight of the of cold pepper fruits under the conditions of green peach insect Myzus persicae. The treatments T6 (T.longibrachiatum 1010 + Dominante (0.25 g/L)) and T5(T.longibrachiatum 108+Dominante (0.25 g/L)) were recorded the highest number of fruits reached (20.33 and 18.33) fruits, respectively, compared with the lowest fruits number 8.63 in the control, while the highest fruit weight were 609.17 and 588.5g in treatments M3 (M.anisopliae 1010) and T6 (T. longibrachiatum 1010 + Dominante (0.25 g/L)), respectively, compared with the lowest fruits weight 244 g in the control.
Abdullah Abdulkareem Hassan; Duha Faisal Ajaj
Volume 21, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 40-53
Abstract
Twenty-eight isolates of Lactobacillus were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea cultivated in the fields of five districts in Salah al-Din, which included: Tikrit, Al-Alam, Al-Sharqat, Samarra and Al-Baiji. The isolates identified according to molecular diagnosis using the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences ...
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Twenty-eight isolates of Lactobacillus were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea cultivated in the fields of five districts in Salah al-Din, which included: Tikrit, Al-Alam, Al-Sharqat, Samarra and Al-Baiji. The isolates identified according to molecular diagnosis using the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences and were divided into five species: 7 Isolates of L. fermentum, 3 isolates of L. casei, 9 isolates of L. plantarum, 4 isolates of L. herbarum and 5 isolates of L. paralimentarius. Antagonism tests were conducted for these isolates against the pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum, the highest rate of inhibition was by isolates of bacteria L. paralimentarius 1981 reached 2.7 mm, followed by isolate L.plantarum 1982 with an inhibition rate of 2.5 mm. In the antagonism test using bacterial filtrate of L. paralimentarius 1981, the concentration of 30% was the highest in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus, as the fungus colony diameter reached 3.22 cm, followed by the concentration of 20 and 25%, as the colony diameter reached 4.47 and 3.68 cm, respectively. L. paralimentarius 1081 was recorded in the databases of the World Genetic Bank within the accession number MW149434.1. This is the first record of this bacteria in Iraq. L. paralimentarius 1081 showed the highest production of the antibacterial active substances including siderophores, total phenols and bacteriocin reached to 61.24%, 1.05 mg/ml and 18.02 mg/ml, respectively, as well as pH decreased to 4.5. The results also showed there are a strong correlation of pathogenic fungus inhibition with high concentrations of siderophores, total phenols, bacteriocin and low pH in the bacterial filtrate.
