Waleed K. S. Al-Juheishy; Salim A Younis; Hossam M. Hameed
Volume 24, Issue 4 , December 2024, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
During the 2021–2022 winter growing season, an experiment was carried out in two distinct locations: Field Crops Department Research Station-College of Agriculture and Forestry and Wana sub-district. The study aimed to investigate the influence of 3 levels from nitrogen fertilizer (0 , 75 , 150 ...
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During the 2021–2022 winter growing season, an experiment was carried out in two distinct locations: Field Crops Department Research Station-College of Agriculture and Forestry and Wana sub-district. The study aimed to investigate the influence of 3 levels from nitrogen fertilizer (0 , 75 , 150 kg N/ ha) and 3 zinc rates (0 , 20 , 40 mg/L) on the growth, and flax production (Linata variety). It was factorial experimentation with two factors set in a split-plot design within (RCBD) with three blocks. Main plots included 3 levels from nitrogen fertilizer, while sub-plots included 3 zinc rates. The results showed that the 75 kg N/ha fertilization level significantly outperformed in seeds number/ capsule , capsules number/plant, 1000-seed weight , seed yield, oil percentage in seeds and oil yield in locations the College and Wana, respectively. Meanwhile, 150 kg N/ ha fertilization level excelled in plant height and branch number/ plant for locations. The data also showed that the 20 mg/L zinc concentration significantly outperformed in plant height, branch number/plant, and oil percentage in seeds. Conversely, the 40 mg/L zinc concentration excelled in seeds number/ capsule , capsules number/plant, 1000-seed weight , seed yield and oil yield in both locations. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between the 75 kg N/ha fertilization level and the 40 mg/L zinc concentration in capsules number/plant at the Wana location, and seed yield for locations, respectively.
Zaed J. Saed; Oday K. Hamad; Arkan Mohammed; Tareq K.H. Al-Jumaily
Volume 24, Issue 2 , June 2024, , Pages 93-101
Abstract
The spread of food-borne illnesses through poultry is a major issue in many countries, including Iraq. Bacteria can be present in poultry products if proper hygiene and sanitation protocols are not followed during production and processing. This research aimed to examine the impact of zeolite on performance, ...
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The spread of food-borne illnesses through poultry is a major issue in many countries, including Iraq. Bacteria can be present in poultry products if proper hygiene and sanitation protocols are not followed during production and processing. This research aimed to examine the impact of zeolite on performance, immunity parameters, and gut histology. A total 162 one-day old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to a control group and two natural zeolite-supplemented groups, each containing 54 birds (with three replicates/group and 18 chickens/replicate). The group (control) was without any additives, while the other two groups were fed diets containing 1% or 0.5% natural zeolite (NZ). The findings indicated that the groups receiving 1% and 0.5% natural zeolite (NZ) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher BW and BWG compared to the group (control). Feed conversion ratio was affected by 0.5% natural zeolite (NZ) supplement compared to the control. There were no significant differences in production index (PI), spleen (%), bursa of Fabricius (%), total WBC, lymphocytes, heterophils and H/L ratio between the natural zeolite (NZ) groups and control. The research revealed that zeolite may have a beneficial effect on gut histology in broiler. Therefore, using zeolite as a feed supplement for poultry could improve performance
Bekhal M. Hama; Shilan Mahmood Ahmed; Mihraban Sharif Maeruf; Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir
Volume 24, Issue 2 , June 2024, , Pages 280-297
Abstract
Water deficit stress triggers complex physiological and biochemical retorts in plants. Different plant species have also involved numerous morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted at the College ...
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Water deficit stress triggers complex physiological and biochemical retorts in plants. Different plant species have also involved numerous morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during April 2021 to study the effects of four treatments of licorice [T1: control with no licorice powder and extract; T2: licorice powder with soil; T3: licorice extract sprayed at 2 weeks after emergence and twice a week thereafter; and T4: licorice powder with soil, and licorice extract sprayed at 2 weeks after emergence and twice a week thereafter] on the vegetative parameters of six maize genotypes under water stress conditions. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications was applied in this research. The results obtained indicated that, there was genetic variation among the genotypes in the response to water stress. The maximum shoot length, shoot dry weight, leaf area index, proline content, soluble sugar content, and total phenolic content were exhibited by genotype (PR36 BO8) with 49.462 cm, 5.244 g, 0.941, 2844.166 µg g-1, 248.055 µg g-1, and 174.681 µg g-1 respectively, while minimum shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, and root fresh weight were shown by genotype (ZP 434 XA) with 37.05 cm, 29.511 g, 3.357 g, 54.104 cm, and 17.493 g, respectively. This means, genotype (PR36 BO8) is more tolerant to water stress conditions compared to the genotype (ZP 434 XA) that is more susceptible. The second treatment (T2) had a more significant effect on most of the studied criteria compared to other treatments.
Ghassan Zaidan; Zakaria Wahab; Sadam Hassan
Volume 23, Issue 2 , June 2023, , Pages 128-141
Abstract
This study aims to understand the effect of magnetic field on water properties and plants growth performance. Magnetic water is produced when water is passed through a magnetic field which alters the state of water macromolecules. The changes to physico-chemical properties of magnetized water affect ...
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This study aims to understand the effect of magnetic field on water properties and plants growth performance. Magnetic water is produced when water is passed through a magnetic field which alters the state of water macromolecules. The changes to physico-chemical properties of magnetized water affect the biological properties of organisms. This experiment was conducted at a greenhouse in the Institute Sustainable Agrotechnology (INSAT) experimental farm, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia. It carried out according to Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The magnetic field was applied on water to evaluate through three different intensities; 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 Tesla, in addition to control treatment (without magnetic) for seedling growth of pumpkin (CV. Labu Loceng) and okra (CV. Bendi Alabama). The morphological study of water and study of seedling height, stem diameter, leaf numbers, seedling weight and dry weight of seedling are researched. The magnetic water at 0.20 Tesla had significantly increases in the leaf number per seedling 6.000 leaf seedling-1 and dry seedling weight 0.5700 g of pumpkin. Meanwhile, the magnetic water at 0.20 Tesla increased significantly in seedling height, stem diameter, leaf number per seedling, seedling weight and dry seedling weight of okra reached to 13.750 cm, 2.677 mm, 5.500 leaf seedling-1, 1.7800 g and 0.3369 g, respectively compared to control.
Omar Almohammedi; Yasir Sekhi; Mukhalad Ismail
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 158-167
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the strategies that have the ability to achieve sustainable agriculture, and it is a promising opportunity in the field of sustainability and the provision of food security and fertilizers in general, important in terms ...
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Nanotechnology is one of the strategies that have the ability to achieve sustainable agriculture, and it is a promising opportunity in the field of sustainability and the provision of food security and fertilizers in general, important in terms of agricultural production, whether quantitative or qualitative. Despite the availability of various mineral, chelated or organic fertilizer sources for these nutrients and the presence of various methods of addition, the efficiency of using these fertilizers does not exceed 5% of the additive. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the loss of nutrients through fertilization and work to increase the growth and productivity of crops through the use of nanotechnology and nano_materials through the use of alternative, environmentally friendly and very effective fertilizers called nano-fertilizers. They are materials that contain nutrients or essential and useful plant nutrients prepared in nano-sizes and loaded or coated with materials that make them more efficient, especially when added to the soil. Nanoscience is one of the modern sciences that is concerned with the study of materials on the nanoscale 10-9 meters from 1-100 nanometers and they are called nanomaterials, its physical and chemical properties are different from those when it is in conventional dimensions of more than 100 nanometers, it has physicochemical properties that are fundamentally different compared to its ordinary materials. Different types can be produced from them, and their chemical composition as well as the size and shape of the particles controls their main characteristics.
Jwan Gharib Rafaat
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 106-115
Abstract
Four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) were evaluated for the nine common vetches (Vicia sativa) varieties ,Clima, Hanka, Mikaela, Lujiliana, Marrianum, Mery, Beybi, Nigra, and Namoi. Experiments was conducted during the winter season of 2019-2020 in the Sulaimani governorate at ...
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Four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1) were evaluated for the nine common vetches (Vicia sativa) varieties ,Clima, Hanka, Mikaela, Lujiliana, Marrianum, Mery, Beybi, Nigra, and Namoi. Experiments was conducted during the winter season of 2019-2020 in the Sulaimani governorate at Qlyasan locations. The experiment was designed in Factorial and conducted in CRBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. Means comparison was carried out by the least significant difference (LSD) at a significant level of 5%.Control treatment (no fertilizer application) results in the best value for the plant height, number of leaves plant-1, and leaf stem ratio with 90.106 cm, 104.156, and 0.810, respectively.The application of 30 kg ha-1for the character 100 seed weight recorded a maximum value of 19.064.While the variety number 4 produced the best values 130.083 for the characters number of leaves plant-1, 4.659 for the characters number of branches plant-1, 93.781 for the characters Days to 50% flowering .However variety number 5 gave the maximum value for the characters dry leaf weight and dry stem weight 3.093(g) and 5.08(g) respectively.Variety number 4 recorded a maximum value for the characters Seed yield reached 6840.425(kg ha-1).The character Dry stem weight (g) showed the highest value with 7.407for variety number 5 by Control treatment (no fertilizer application),followed by variety number 6 with values of 2.031 for the character leaf stem ratio. The application of 30 kg ha-1for the character days to 50% flowering recorded a maximum value of 94.953 days by variety number 6.in which the interactions between variety number 7 and the application of 60 kg ha-1 a maximum value for the character no. of branches plant-1 followed by variety number 2 with values 149.443 for the character days to maturaity . The phosphorus fertilizer application of 90 kg ha-1 showed the maximum number of pod plant-1with 22.073 by variety number 7.The phosphorus fertilizer application of 90 kg ha-1 showed the maximum value for the character no.of Pods plant-1by variety number 7.The character seed yield with 7774.053 kg ha-1 recorded by variety number 6 under the phosphorus fertilizer application of 30 kg ha-1.
Daham Muhammad Ali Al-Fayyadh; Mudhir I. Hwaidi
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2022, , Pages 123-134
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Al-Hajjaj district- Salah Al-Din Governorate, during the autumn season of 2021. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. It had three ABA concentrations ...
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A field experiment was carried out in Al-Hajjaj district- Salah Al-Din Governorate, during the autumn season of 2021. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. It had three ABA concentrations of 0, 9 and 12 mg L-1 that sprayed on plants at 4 and 8 leaves and at the beginning of flowering. Results indicated that a concentration of 12 mg L-1 was superior in shortening the number of days from sowing until 50% of tasseling (male flowering) 38.33 days and silking (female flowering) 41 days. The same concentration recorded the highest stem diameter of 2.47 cm, seeds number per ear 682.89 seed ear-1, 1000 seed weight 373.77 g, single plant yield 165.64 g and seed yield 11.04 tons ha-1, protein content 9.80% and ash percentage 1.39%. However, control recorded the highest germination percentage and speed of 95.89 and 64.80, respectively. Spraying ABA at 4 leaves was superior in recording the least number of days from planting until 50% of tasseling 38.50 days and silking 43.55 days and also excelled in giving the highest stem diameter 2.35 cm. However, foliar application of ABA at the beginning of flowering showed the highest means of number of seeds per ear 664.99 seed ear-1, 1000 seed weight 361.80 g, single plant yield 158.70 g, seed yield 10.57 tons ha-1, protein percentage 10.03%, and ash percentage 1.36%. Hence, foliar spray at 4 leaves recorded the highest mean 84.81 of germination speed.
Rebwar Rafat Aziz; Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir
Volume 22, Issue 3 , September 2022, , Pages 191-204
Abstract
The genetic diversity of melon genotypes obtained from northern Iraq was assessed in 2021 at the University of Sulaimani's Directorate of Garden in Qlyasan using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks, using growth and fruit morpho-physicochemical characteristics. The 57 genotypes were ...
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The genetic diversity of melon genotypes obtained from northern Iraq was assessed in 2021 at the University of Sulaimani's Directorate of Garden in Qlyasan using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks, using growth and fruit morpho-physicochemical characteristics. The 57 genotypes were characterized morphologically and physiochemically, and there were high significant differences between them. The values of main stem length, lateral stem length, main stem diameter, and lateral stem diameter were ranged from 20.49 to 85.84 cm, 29.45 to 92.52 cm, 0.85 to 1.77 cm, and 0.42 to 0.74 cm, respectively. The fruit weight produced by G11 achieved the highest value (1860.72 g). Antioxidant activity was increased in genotypes with higher levels of polyphenols, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed four distinct groups of genotypes based on studied traits. PCA plot revealed that fruit thickness, fruit length, fruit width, placenta weight, fruit weight, seed length, seed width, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, pH, and titratable acid were significant determinants of genetic diversity in the melon genotypes. Based on the majority of the fruit morpho-physicochemical traits, genotype G11 was regarded as the best performer. The results of this study suggested a significant degree of heterogeneity in Iraqi melon germplasm, which must be conserved and incorporated into future development projects.
Jwan Gharib Rafaat; Shaee Adeeb Ghareeb; Sayran Sardar Hasan
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 59-67
Abstract
The study was carried out in Sulaimani region at Qliasan location during the winter season of 2019-2020. A factorial experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replications. It was aimed to evaluate the effect of three sowing dates on growth, yield, and its components ...
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The study was carried out in Sulaimani region at Qliasan location during the winter season of 2019-2020. A factorial experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replications. It was aimed to evaluate the effect of three sowing dates on growth, yield, and its components of grass pea varieties under rainfed conditions of Sulaimani Region. Three levels of sowing dates: 15th October (S1), 1st November (S2), and 15th November (S3) 2019 was applied for four varieties of grass pea (IF003, IF133, IF102, IF067), originated from different regions. The results of the experiment showed significant values for plant height (59.391cm), days to 50% flowering (125.307), days to maturity (174.333), seed yield (4013.920 kg ha-1) and biological yield (18004.514 kg ha-1) at the third sowing date (S3). The second sowing date resulted in the highest no of pods plant-1 (27.417) harvest index (0.403). The first sowing date had recorded the highest number of seeds (4.333) and seed yield (5599.141 kg ha-1).
Aryan Kareem; Hasan Serin; Khalid Ahmed
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 142-153
Abstract
The experiment was carried out using three varieties of soybean (Lee74, Taqa and Aeman), cultivated at six plant densities (285714, 200000, 153846, 142857 and 100000 and 76923 plants . ha-1) using the Randomized Complete Block Design in the two regions,( Bany Maqan and Kani panka) belonging to ...
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The experiment was carried out using three varieties of soybean (Lee74, Taqa and Aeman), cultivated at six plant densities (285714, 200000, 153846, 142857 and 100000 and 76923 plants . ha-1) using the Randomized Complete Block Design in the two regions,( Bany Maqan and Kani panka) belonging to the province of Sulaymaniyah in northern Iraq. The results showed in Bany Maqan , Taqa variety was superior in plant yield and the total yield (19.19 g . plant-1 and 2963.9 kg) respectively, in addition to the number of vegetative branches and the number of pods. plant-1. Lee74 was superior in flowering characteristics, plant height, number of seeds and percentage of oil, while Aeman exceeded, seed index and protein ratio. For the Kani Banka site, Lee74 was superior in number of days till flowering, plant height, , number of branches, plant yield(16.13 g . plant-1) , total yield (2574.2 kg.ha-1) and protein ratio. The results of the plant densities test showed plant density (200000 plants . ha-1) superior in plant yield and total yield . The interactions of varieties and plant density showed (200000 plant . ha-1 ) , and Taqa cultivar regarding total yield and plant yield in Bani maqan site was superior , but in Kani panka the interaction of Lee 74 with density ( 200000 plant . ha-1) was superior for same above characteristics.
