Sahab A. Yousif AlAjeeli
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
The study aimed to present a proposed theoretical vision for the development of the agricultural extension organization in Iraq that meets the needs of farmers and activates the extension role in achieving sustainable agricultural development, by studying the reality of extension work and diagnosing ...
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The study aimed to present a proposed theoretical vision for the development of the agricultural extension organization in Iraq that meets the needs of farmers and activates the extension role in achieving sustainable agricultural development, by studying the reality of extension work and diagnosing its weaknesses. The study was used the qualitative research approach that depends on reviewing previous research and studies in studying the phenomenon and diagnosing Its weaknesses, and in the light of this study, a proposed vision was presented to develop the agricultural extension organization in Iraq as an organizational structure, activities and tasks that should be activated in a manner that ensures the achievement of sustainable agricultural development. The study recommended policy and decision makers in the Ministry of Agriculture and the Agricultural Extension and Training Office to benefit from this study and put its results into application.
Fares Sabah Awad Al-Dulaimi; Taher A. Shujaa; Maysaloon W. Ibrahim
Volume 21, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
This study was conducted in the animal field of the College of Agriculture University of Tikrit for a period of 70days precession this period 14 day as adaptation starting from 8/10/2020 to 16/12/2020. Sixteen Awassi lambs were used, aged 5-6 months, with an average weight of 26.2 ± 0.3 kg. The experimental ...
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This study was conducted in the animal field of the College of Agriculture University of Tikrit for a period of 70days precession this period 14 day as adaptation starting from 8/10/2020 to 16/12/2020. Sixteen Awassi lambs were used, aged 5-6 months, with an average weight of 26.2 ± 0.3 kg. The experimental treatments were, first, the control 98% barley (farmer diet), the second 88% barley + 5% soybean meal+ 5% vegetable fat and the third 83% barley + 10% Soybean meal+ 5% fat and the fourth 78% barley + 15% soybeans+ 5% fat with addition to 1% salts and 1% vitamins and minerals for all treatment. The lambs were fed concentrate feed at 3% of live weight on a dry matter basis with 100 grams/day/lamb straw. The results showed that second, third and fourth treatments significantly (P≤0.05) improved final weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the first treatment, the third and fourth treatments (P≤0.05) increased in the daily weight gain, final weight and feed conversion efficiency compared to the second treatment. Significant (P≤0.05) differences were also found in some biochemical characteristics of blood, as increased in percentage of Triglycerides, blood urea and albumin in fourth treatment of lambs compared to ether experimental treatment, while no significant differences were found between experiment groups in proportion of glucose, creatinine, total protein, and the enzyme AST and ALT. note that all blood measurements of the experiment lambs were within normal limits.
Niran hamad hazaa hazaa; Mohammed A. Jassim
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
The study aims to manufacture edible gelatinous films with alcoholic extracts of thyme and green tea, to inhibit the E. coli growth as a negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of (0.100, 0.250, 0.500, 0.750, 1.000 mg), and determining the effect of this addition on the chemical ...
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The study aims to manufacture edible gelatinous films with alcoholic extracts of thyme and green tea, to inhibit the E. coli growth as a negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of (0.100, 0.250, 0.500, 0.750, 1.000 mg), and determining the effect of this addition on the chemical tests of soft cheese stored for 14 days at a temperature of 7 ° C. The results indicate that the moisture percentage of cheese samples coated with gelatinous films decreased significantly (P <0.05) at the end of the storage period, and the treatment T2 gave the lowest percentage, which was 58.45% compared to the control sample T1 that was without gelatinous coating 58.13%. It was also found that the percentage of fat increased until the end of the storage period, and it gave significant differences at the level (P<0.05). As for the protein percentage, it does not give any significant differences at the end of the storage period. The pH starts to decrease and it gives significant differences to reach the end of the storage period for the treatments T2 6.17, T3 6.27 and T4 6.28 compared with the control sample T1 which reaches 5.96. It is also found that the ash percentage increased to the end of the storage period and gave significant differences, and the treatment T4 gives the lowest percentage of ash at (2.78%), while the percentage of carbohydrates occurs in a gradual difference between the treatments until the end of the storage period and does not give any significant difference at the level (P <0.05).
Ahmad Abdullah; Afrah Abdul Karim
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
Six hybrids maize (Zea mays L.) line:(1) ZM4L,(2) ZM51L,(3) ZP-301,(4) ZM19L, (5) OH, and(6) Un440 were used in crossing program for obtaining first-generation hybrids during the spring 2016 season. Selfing F1s’ of the previous hybrids on autumn season of the same year led to obtained the second-generation ...
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Six hybrids maize (Zea mays L.) line:(1) ZM4L,(2) ZM51L,(3) ZP-301,(4) ZM19L, (5) OH, and(6) Un440 were used in crossing program for obtaining first-generation hybrids during the spring 2016 season. Selfing F1s’ of the previous hybrids on autumn season of the same year led to obtained the second-generation hybrids. The inbred lines Two generations hybrids were planted on 2017 spring season. The experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates. The goal of the experiment was to find out the performance of genotypes and estimation of heterosis based on the best parent, of the commercial hybrid (CADZ). of first-generation hybrids and inbreeding depression of the second-generation on the days to female flowering. Other characteristics including; plant height, leaf area, number of rows per ear , number of kernel in each row, weight of 300 grains, and yield of individual plant . The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant differences of all the studied characteristics of each parents, the first-generation, and second-generation except for the number of days of male flowering. Hybrid; Un440 x ZM4L showed a significant and desirable heterosis for the plant height, leaf area, and number of kernel in the rows compared to the best parents and commercial variety. The hybrids; ZM19L x ZM51L and Un440 x ZM51L, showed it did not happen to them inbreeding depression because of the negative and significant correlation with the desired the number of kernels in the row. While, the hybrid; OH x ZM4L , for the number of rows per ear and the hybrid; OH x ZM19L , for the weight of 300 grains.
Bestoon Ahmad; Shawnm Saleh
Volume 19, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
The effect of different levels of crud fenugreek leaves on lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage of mutton and beef cattle meat postmortem refrigerated storage was examined. Samples meat of mutton and beef cattle were incorporated with crud fenugreek leaves at four different levels 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ...
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The effect of different levels of crud fenugreek leaves on lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage of mutton and beef cattle meat postmortem refrigerated storage was examined. Samples meat of mutton and beef cattle were incorporated with crud fenugreek leaves at four different levels 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %. Mutton and beef meat in burgers form were subjected to 7 and 10 d postmortem refrigerated storage. Mutton and beef cattle meat marinated with crud fenugreek leaves had significantly lower content of malondialdehyde (MDA) at day 7 and 10 postmortem, respectively. Bacterial counts was lower (p<0.05) in mutton and beef cattle meat contenting crud fenugreek leaves compared to control at 3, 5, 7 and 10 postmortem. Regardless of treatment, postmortem refrigerated storage influenced oxidative and microbial stability of meat. Adding crud fenugreek leaves into mutton and beef cattle meat exhibited effective antimicrobial properties and high antioxidant activity.
Ammar M; Maher Al-Hafz
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
The practical part of the study conducted in Animal Production Department / College of Agriculture and Forestry / Mosul University from 15 / 11 / 2013 to 1/ 4 / 2014 , to study the effect of adding the ginger roots in milk yield, some milk components and weights of ewes and their lambs in Awassi sheep, ...
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The practical part of the study conducted in Animal Production Department / College of Agriculture and Forestry / Mosul University from 15 / 11 / 2013 to 1/ 4 / 2014 , to study the effect of adding the ginger roots in milk yield, some milk components and weights of ewes and their lambs in Awassi sheep, 32 Awassi ewes were divided into four homologou groups of age and weight, each group contains eight ewes. Ewes were fed on the same ration contain the same % protein and % Kcal energy (N.R.C. , 2007), but were differ in containing ginger roots only (0 , 10 , 20 and 30 gm ginger / head / day. The result revealed a significant increasing (P ≤ 0.05) in weekly and monthly milk yield for the treatment 20 and 30 gm/head/day, but the result of milk components during suckling period (Fat , Protein , Lactose and S.N.F) revealed no significant differences between the treatments , There are a significant increasing in milk yield during suckling period. For the treatment 20 and 30 gm ginger / head / day, this is a normal result for reflection in milk increasing during this period.
Nehad Wahab
Volume 19, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Biological aspects (size composition, length-weight relationship, condition factor, food habit and reproduction season), and morphological of Mastacembelus mastacembelus inhabiting Al-Tharthar canal studied during the period from April to September 2012. The growth pattern was negative ...
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Biological aspects (size composition, length-weight relationship, condition factor, food habit and reproduction season), and morphological of Mastacembelus mastacembelus inhabiting Al-Tharthar canal studied during the period from April to September 2012. The growth pattern was negative allometric with (b) values for males 2.680, females 2.845 and for combined sexes 2.597. Condition factor values were lower than one, ranged from 0.183 to 0.432 with average 0.282 ±0.053 for combined sexes. Food items from stomach collected and analyzed using both points and frequency methods. Two food items found only in the diet. M. mastacembelus is a predator, the males preferring fish while the females preferring fish and crustacean (prawns). The research cover, the ratios each of sixteen morphometric measurements to standard length, and each of four morphometric measurements to head length and their linear regression equations. All the length-length relationships between standard length and the others measurements were highly correlated except head depth, body depth and body width, and for head length, head depth only.
Omaima Mahmood; Sinai Muhsin; Mustafa Hussein
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 6-9
Abstract
The current research aimed to study the morphological aspects of eggs of nematodes that parasitic on Awasi sheep and make a comparison with the existing data in specialized references. The eggs were isolated and collected from the nematodes female from the gastrointestinal ...
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The current research aimed to study the morphological aspects of eggs of nematodes that parasitic on Awasi sheep and make a comparison with the existing data in specialized references. The eggs were isolated and collected from the nematodes female from the gastrointestinal mass of the sheep. The morphological appearance and measurements of eggs were made with microscope. The results showed the eggs from the following species: Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were similar to the characters that depending on identification keys specialized literates.
Khaldon Aziz Hammed Al-Azawie; Taher Abdullateef Shujaa
Volume 21, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 8-13
Abstract
The study was carried out at the farm located at the Animal Production Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Tikrit, For the period from 1stDesember 2019 to 9ᵗʰ February 2020 (70 days) excluding 14 days as an adaptation period. The aim of this study find source of nitrogen alternative ...
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The study was carried out at the farm located at the Animal Production Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Tikrit, For the period from 1stDesember 2019 to 9ᵗʰ February 2020 (70 days) excluding 14 days as an adaptation period. The aim of this study find source of nitrogen alternative soybean meal for fattening Awassi lambs. Twelve Awassi lambs were used, aged from 4-5 months, with an average starting body weight of 23.5 ± 1.12 kg. Three formulation diets were randomly allocated to three groups of animals. Group one (T1 control) 14.7% soybean meal, Group two(T2) 7.5% soybean meal with 5.5% corn gluten meal and the third group 11% corn gluten meal.). All the experiment diets were supplemented with 1% salts and 1% vitamins and minerals with different levels of barley and wheat bran. Lambs were fed concentrate feed at 3% of live body weight on a dry matter basis with 200 grams of roughage (straw) day/lamb. The results of this study indicated that the addition of 11% corn gluten meal (T3) significantly (p≤0.05) higher in final weight, average daily gain, total weight and feed conversion efficiency compared to the addition of soybean alone or mixture soybeans with corn gluten meal. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in total protein concentration, albumin and globulin concentration, triglyceride concentration, cholesterol and urea concentrations in serum, and creatinine concentration.
Naif Ahmed
Volume 19, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 8-18
Abstract
The current study included collecting samples of water and soil from three main agricultural sites on Aldanfeeli Valley in Mosul city (North Iraq), where soil samples included two from each location, one for agricultural soil watered with untreated Valley water, and the second sample was from the adjacent ...
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The current study included collecting samples of water and soil from three main agricultural sites on Aldanfeeli Valley in Mosul city (North Iraq), where soil samples included two from each location, one for agricultural soil watered with untreated Valley water, and the second sample was from the adjacent uncultivated soils. A fourth site was chosen for the purpose of comparison at the end of Aldanfeeli Valley where the cultivated soil was watered with water of the Tigris River before the confluence of the River Valley. In addition to estimating the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe) in both water and soils, the present study aimed to identify some chemical and physical properties of the soils, namely: electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, calcium carbonate, cations and anions, soil texture, and specific gravity. Despite the fact that the waters of Aldanfeeli Valley are poor for agricultural purposes in terms of salinity and total concentrations of both chloride and half of sulphate ions, the results showed that all soils do not suffer from the problems of salinity and alkalinity. Regarding the concentrations of heavy elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe), their averages in the cultivated soils (23.86, 5.98, 75.14, 7.53 and 140.18) p.p.m. respectively, were higher than their counterparts in non-cultivated ones (18.70, 5.47, 36.82, 6.17 and 114.63) p.p.m. respectively. All soil samples especially the cultivated ones indicated higher concentrations than those of the irrigation waters (6.47, 4.87, 8.87, 2.27 and 7.07 p.p.m. respectively. The iron recorded at all sites higher means when compared to the rest elements. These were (140.18 and 114.63) p.p.m. in both the cultivated and noncultivated soils respectively. In both the second and the third sites of the cultivated soils; lead concentration averages of (114.25 and 91.06) μg g-1 respectively, have exceeded its standard limit (50 μg g-1); whereas, cadmium concentration averages in these two sites were (8.23 and 6.88) μg g-1 respectively, have exceeded its critical limit (5 μg g-1).
Nawfal Salih; Maysaloon Ibraheem
Volume 19, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 9-15
Abstract
This study was conducted at the experimental farm, Department of Animal Production , College of Agriculture , University of Tikrit for the period from 7/10/2018 to 15/12/2018. Sixteen Awassi lambs with an average body weight of 27kg and aged about 6—7-months were used in this investigation. ...
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This study was conducted at the experimental farm, Department of Animal Production , College of Agriculture , University of Tikrit for the period from 7/10/2018 to 15/12/2018. Sixteen Awassi lambs with an average body weight of 27kg and aged about 6—7-months were used in this investigation. The lambs were randomly assigned into four groups. Each group has 4 lambs the lambs were placed in individual cages (1 x 1.5 m².) and the aim of this study to investigation the effect of supplementing linseed oil on chemical composition and some fatty acids of Awassi chilled and frozen sheep meat,the results showed high significant differences in frozen period in moisture content of meat compared with chilled period it was ( 70.90 and 66.82)% respectively , and the chilled period conducted high significant differences than the frozen period in fat content ( 9.39 and 8.15)% respectively. About the effect of linseed oil on fatty acids, frozen period conducted high significant differences in Oleic it was 33.59 % while the frozen period conducted a high significant differences in Linoleic and Arachidonic acids it was ( 4.88 and 1.19)% respectively. The interaction between chilled period and treatments, the first and second treatment conducted high significant differences on Oleic acid also first treatment was high in Linoleic Acid percentage. While for the interaction between frozen period and treatments, the fourth treatment was high in Oleic and Linolenic Acid percentage, the first treatment was high in Linoleic Acid percentage it was (5.22)%.
Omar Tabour; Ahmed Taha
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September 2019
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of melatonin in some of semen Characteristics and antioxidant status in male broiler breeder Ross308, from16/11/2017 to 30/1/2018.Atotal of 25 bird of Ross 308 broiler breeder males ,30 weeks' ...
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of melatonin in some of semen Characteristics and antioxidant status in male broiler breeder Ross308, from16/11/2017 to 30/1/2018.Atotal of 25 bird of Ross 308 broiler breeder males ,30 weeks' old were used in this study. The birds were randomly distributed into five group with five replicates each. Each treatment group constituted of 5 birds (1bird each replicate). the broiler breeder males administrated orally with capsules contain melatonin. Treatment groups were as following: T1: Birds fed the basal diet without any addition (control),T2: Birds fed diet supplemented with 15mg/kg of diet,T3: Birds fed diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg of diet,T4: Birds fed diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg of diet and T5: Birds fed diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg of diet. The result of the study revealed a significant decrease in the ejaculated volume, sperm's mass and individual motility and sperm concentration, With a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperm ratio. However, administration with melatonin at (60) mg/kg diet resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in glucose and total protein concentration of seminal plasma. Also adding melatonin with (15) mg/kg diet had significant improved in the antioxidant status.
Firas abdul-kareem; Ahmed Ismail al-nazzal; Ali Ameen yaseen
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 11-19
Abstract
This study was carry out to investigate from the contamination of packed tea samples collected from different markets with Aspergillus species. The extent of contamination of these samples with Ochratoxin A (OTA) was examined by using ELISA and the ability of Aspergillus niger to produce this toxin was ...
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This study was carry out to investigate from the contamination of packed tea samples collected from different markets with Aspergillus species. The extent of contamination of these samples with Ochratoxin A (OTA) was examined by using ELISA and the ability of Aspergillus niger to produce this toxin was determined by using the (HPLC) technique. The results showed that Aspergillus species contaminated 66 packed tea samples. Aspergillus niger was isolated from 34 black tea samples while Aspergillus ochraceus isolated from 20 samples and Aspergillus fumigatus from 23 samples. On the other hand, the green tea showed 22 samples contaminated with A.niger, 21 A. ochraceus and 15 A. fumigatus. The rate of fungi isolation from the different tea samples were Aspergillus niger (41.48 %), A. ochraceus )30.37%( and Aspergillus fumigatus (28.1%).The quantitative detection of Ochratoxin A by using ELISA technique showed the presence of OTA in tea samples as it reached in the samples of Ahmad black tea (2.27 μg/kg), which is the least concentrated than the rest of the studied teas and the highest concentration rate (6.46 μg /kg) it appeared in samples of Ahmed green tea. The results of quantitative estimation using (HPLC) also showed the ability of A. niger to produce OTA as it produced this toxin at a concentration of 12.36 ppb / 100 ml.
Hassan Thamer Zanzal; Amal Jamal Yusuf
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 13-19
Abstract
The tomato crop is one of the most important daily consumer food crops that enters the consumer basket and its importance called for necessity Study it through a random sample consisting of (145) questionnaires, of which (75) are intended for farmers and (35) are designated for each of the wholesalers ...
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The tomato crop is one of the most important daily consumer food crops that enters the consumer basket and its importance called for necessity Study it through a random sample consisting of (145) questionnaires, of which (75) are intended for farmers and (35) are designated for each of the wholesalers and (35) for retailers in the governorate Salah al-Din, and it is necessary to refer to the average number of dunams planted with the crop for the research sample (5.2) dunams, as the production of one dunam amounted to an average of (4.8) tons / dunam, and the average prices of the crop for the producer, wholesaler and retailer amounted to (382-504.4-701.7) dinars/ kg, respectively, the average absolute marketing margin between wholesaler - producer, retailer - wholesaler, retailer - producer amounted to (81.86 - 197.3 - 319) dina / kg, respectively, while the relative marketing margin between wholesaler - farms, wholesaler The retailer, the retailer-farmer (producer) amounted to (19.50%, 26.11%, 42.37%) respectively, and the profits of the retailer from the absolute marketing margin ranked first, while the profits of the wholesaler ranked second, and the marketing efficiency was measured, amounting to The average marketing efficiency according to the three laws of scale (1) amounted to (59.93%), For scale (2) it reached (65.41 %, 43.95%, 32.66%), and for scale (3) it reached (63.16%), it was concluded that it is low when compared with the marketing systems of the rest of the world. (319) dinars, while the profits of the wholesaler from the marketing margin averaged (197.3) dinars. The reason for this is attributed to the ability of the retailer to bargain without providing marketing services. There is scarcity and shortage in wholesale markets, and this in turn leads to many wholesalers monopolizing the crop and selling it at prices that suit them, as well as the necessity for the owners of wholesale offices to perform the necessary marketing functions (sorting, grading, classifying and packing) This study recommended opening new outlets for wholesale sales and expanding wholesale offices, as the study showed that there is a scarcity and shortage in wholesale markets, and this in turn leads to many wholesalers monopolizing the crop and selling it at prices that suit them
Bakhan Rafiq Hassan; Nasreen Muhialddin Abdulrahman; Vian Muhammed Ahmad; Shagul Jalal Mohammed
Volume 21, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 14-22
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate how different fish weights and clove powder concentration levels together influence anesthesia and recovery time in Cyprinus carpio. Two different body weights classes of common carp (45±5g and 95±5g) were subjected to three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and ...
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This study aimed to demonstrate how different fish weights and clove powder concentration levels together influence anesthesia and recovery time in Cyprinus carpio. Two different body weights classes of common carp (45±5g and 95±5g) were subjected to three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and 400mg/L) each replicated four times. At each treatment combination, the anesthetic induction and recovery times were recorded, fish held for a period of one week to two months following the experiments to assess short-term and long-term mortality. Significant differences (P<0.05) appeared in the effect of combination between the different levels of clove powder (mg/L) with the two different weight common carp (C. carpio L.) on anesthesia time, but there was no difference in recovery time between the two size groups. The induction time was less than one minute for doses of 300 and 400 mg/L in lower fish weight 45±5g while in 200mg/L dose with 95±5g of fish weight it needed more than 9 minutes. At all tested concentrations, induction time was significantly weight-dependent (p< 0.05), but the recovery time was not. Significant alterations were recorded in the hematological variables of the fish (RBC, HB, MCH and WBC), no mortality was observed. This study has demonstrated that clove powder can be safely and effectively use in the anesthesia of common carp and anesthesia time affect by doses of clove powder with fish weight.
Mohammed Amean; Taher Shujaa
Volume 19, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 16-22
Abstract
This study was conducted at Department of Animal production farm College of Agriculture University of Tikrit from 6/12/2017 until 21/2/2018 (77days) . Sixteen Awassi lambs were used, aged 4-5 months and average weight 23.38±0.14 Kg . Lambs were divided in to four groups (four lambs at each group) according ...
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This study was conducted at Department of Animal production farm College of Agriculture University of Tikrit from 6/12/2017 until 21/2/2018 (77days) . Sixteen Awassi lambs were used, aged 4-5 months and average weight 23.38±0.14 Kg . Lambs were divided in to four groups (four lambs at each group) according to their weight, treatments distributed randomly into the groups.Individual feeding was used which included four concentrate diet with different levels of biochar (0% ,1% , 2% and 3% ).Statistical analysis results showed that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the final weight for second group (1% biochar) compared with fourth group, also result showed a significant increase (P<0.05) for second group in the average daily gain and final body gain and feed conversion ratio compared with third and fourth groups. Also significant increase (P> 0.05) in the second group in hot and cold carcass weight and in the percentage Dressing based on hot and cold weight, relative to live weight as well as empty body weight and in Rib-eye muscle area compared with the other groups.
Asmaa AL –Hafidh
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 18-29
Abstract
The research aims to evaluate the level of training in general from the point view of the trainees representing some of the agricultural employees working in the northern region. To evaluate the level of training in each of the field of training : Trainees' competence - the subject of conservation agriculture ...
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The research aims to evaluate the level of training in general from the point view of the trainees representing some of the agricultural employees working in the northern region. To evaluate the level of training in each of the field of training : Trainees' competence - the subject of conservation agriculture - training methods and aids - the environment of the implementation of training and in each criteria of each field criteria, and then finding the effect of all trainees' characteristics in the evaluation of training level, to determine the differences in the level of training and finding the effect of all trainees' characteristics, as well as identify the problems that facing trainees at the course, and the suggestions made by the trainees. The research included all the trainees in the ICARDA training course on the subject of conservation agriculture, which is 25 trainees data were collected through a questionnaire after verifying its validity and reliability then analyzed by using the Regression, the Mann-Whiteny test, the Kruskall-Wallis test, the results showed that the level of training was high in general and that the field of competence of trainers came in first rank with a percentage of 56%, while the field of conservation agriculture ranked last with 89.5%,and the impact factor for the all trainees characters is 16% .The results showed no significant differences in the evaluation of training level according to the different characteristics of the trainees for each one, and the most important problems encountered by the trainees in the training course: the short period of reporting by the date of the beginning of the course, shortened the number of days of the course. The most important proposals of the trainees: the establishment of training courses in places where the technology is already applied, focus on the participatory approach used in the course and continued use it in the next courses.
Sheren Mohammad; Hurea Abdulrazaq; Jinan Abulrahman; Sardar Sardary
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 18-28
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary supplementation with two levels of powdered flax seed and the impact of different quails' lines and the influence of diet × line on the productive performance, and some hematological traits. A total of 162 laying quail in three lines of ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary supplementation with two levels of powdered flax seed and the impact of different quails' lines and the influence of diet × line on the productive performance, and some hematological traits. A total of 162 laying quail in three lines of color as white (W); black (B); and yellowish brown (Y) were randomly distributed into three treatment groups with three replicates/treatment/line T0: control (standard diet); T1 and T2 were standard diet supplemented with 3% and 6% flax seed powder (FSP), respectively. The results upon the overall period of rearing showed that: both FI (g/bird/d) and FCR (g feed: g egg) were the lowest in T1 group than both T2 and T0 groups. HDEP (%) and egg mass (g/ hen/d) of T1 group were significantly higher than other groups. Hematological results explain that T1 group owned significantly higher RBC and HCT (%) than both control and T2 groups. Genetic distance results showed that genetic similarity values range between 0.795 to 0.800. According to the UPGMA dendogram test the white line was the most distant than other two lines genetically. Genetic variation refers to the good genetic resources in the local quail. This study is one of the few studies on determining the effect of interaction between diet and line in the local quail in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, also it represents the first study in Erbil province that depending on the use of RAPD - PCR as a tool to genetic diversity for local quail. Generally, can be concluded and recommended that using 3% flaxseed powder has satisfactorily impacts on performance and health in different local quails' lines.
Ehsan Al-Douri; Ahmed Hasan
Volume 19, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 19-30
Abstract
This study was conducted in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design/ College of Agriculture/ Tikrit University during the growing season of 2017 to investigate the effect of magnesium application and the foliar spraying of both gibberellic and salicylic acids on the vegetative ...
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This study was conducted in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design/ College of Agriculture/ Tikrit University during the growing season of 2017 to investigate the effect of magnesium application and the foliar spraying of both gibberellic and salicylic acids on the vegetative growth characteristics of peach saplings CV. Miski, aged one year which were grafted on Apricot seedlings. Magnesium was added in three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg.litre-1) and was labelled as Mg0, Mg1 and Mg2 consecutively. The gibberellic acid was sprayed in three concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg.liter-1) and labelled as GA0,GA1 and GA2 consecutively. Besides the salicylic acid was sprayed with the following concentrations (0, 100 and 200 mg.L-1) and labelled as SA0, SA1 and SA2 consecutively. All these processes were performed starting from April 10 three times, with a time interval of three weeks. The experiment was performed based on the split-plot system in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in which the various magnesium concentrations were added to the main plots and both the gibberellic and salicylic acids were applied to the subplots. The results showed that the addition of magnesium has positively increased the main stem diameter, single leaf area, total leaves area per plant and the relative chlorophyll concentrations in leaves. The height and the diameter of a sapling, length of the branches, leaf area and total leaves area of sapling were increased as a result of foliar spraying with gibberellic acid. The spraying of salicylic acid has a positive effect on the saplings’ characteristics (leaf area, total leaves area and relative chlorophyll concentration in leaves). The dual or triple interaction treatments between the three studied factors had the positive results in most characteristics were investigated.
Sabah F . Mahmoud; Heba Adel Z. Al-Sabbagh
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 20-35
Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the importance of policies to diversify the sources of national income in the Iraqi economy and to develop the productive base of the economic sector without relying on the oil sector, as well as to determine the role of agricultural production and its contribution ...
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The aim of the research is to identify the importance of policies to diversify the sources of national income in the Iraqi economy and to develop the productive base of the economic sector without relying on the oil sector, as well as to determine the role of agricultural production and its contribution to the process of diversifying sources of income. The Iraqi economy is heavily dependent on oil revenues, making it vulnerable to the volatility surrounding this sector and the fluctuating revenues from it, so it is necessary to adopt strategies and policies to economically diversify the sources of national income in the Iraqi economy, develop the economic base without relying on the oil sector, generating revenues and diversifying sources of national income .The agriculture sector is one of the leading sectors with its relative abundance of agricultural resources, allowing economic policy to successfully implement a policy of developing and achieving diversified revenues outside oil revenues, as the agricultural sector can play a key and effective role in achieving diversification of sources of income through the necessary food products provided by this vital sector to meet the needs of domestic demand, as well as its contribution to foreign trade through the export of surplus agricultural production and its contribution to output. Gross domestic. The research concluded that the structure of Iraqi exports did not diversify, as Iraq was primarily based on crude oil exports in the composition of its exports by more than 99 percent, making the Iraqi economy more vulnerable to global crises that could occur and which would have an impact on oil price changes.
Maha Sahib Abd
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 20-28
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the level of nutritional awareness and the extent of its impact on weight gain in people in particular. The study was twofold, the first is to know the body mass index (BMI) by knowing the height and weight, and the second is to know the nutritional habits followed by people ...
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The study aimed to identify the level of nutritional awareness and the extent of its impact on weight gain in people in particular. The study was twofold, the first is to know the body mass index (BMI) by knowing the height and weight, and the second is to know the nutritional habits followed by people through the food eaten and nutritional culture This was done through a questionnaire that was distributed to the sample, which included (160) people, 76 males and 84 females, who were randomly selected from the city of Tikrit. The results showed that there were significant differences at the significance level (P < 0.05) in the (BMI) rate. The results also showed the presence of significant differences at the level (P < 0.01) in the eaten foods by males and females, as well as the presence of significant differences at the level (P < 0.05) and (P < 0.01) in the level of nutritional culture in males and females. As for the relationship between gender, age and body mass index with the level of nutritional awareness, it was noted that there were significant differences at the level of significance (P < 0.05) between age and the level of nutritional awareness. The researcher recommended some recommendations, which are to spread food culture among all segments of society and to focus and urge awareness and nutritional education by institutions and the media in order to raise food awareness, and urge the Ministry of Education to include nutritional education within school curricula.
Avan Abdullah; Jwan Rafaat
Volume 20, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 20-37
Abstract
This study was carried out at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Qlyasan and Kanipanka, during the winter season of 2017-2018 to evaluate the response of four lines of Grass pea Lathyrus sativus (IF 003, IF 133, IF 102, IF 067) lines and four seeding rates (80kg/h, 100kg/h, 120kg/h, 140kg/h). The ...
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This study was carried out at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Qlyasan and Kanipanka, during the winter season of 2017-2018 to evaluate the response of four lines of Grass pea Lathyrus sativus (IF 003, IF 133, IF 102, IF 067) lines and four seeding rates (80kg/h, 100kg/h, 120kg/h, 140kg/h). The experiment was conducted at (December 5th /2018) in Kanipanka and (December 6th /2018) at Qlyasan. The design of factorial experiment RCBD with three replications was conducted. Means comparison was carried out by the least significant difference (L.S.D) at a significant level of 5%. The results confirmed that the grass pea lines, as the average of both locations there were highly significant differences among lines due to plant height, days to %50 flowering, leaf dry weight, and number of bacterial nodules/plant, but significant differences were observed for the character stem dry weight... It was noticed that the effect of locations on growth and forage characters for grass pea was highly significant for the days to maturity, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf stem ratio and number of bacterial nodules/plant, while it was significant for the character plant height. It was indicated that the second location recorded the highest value for plant height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf stem ratio and number of bacterial nodules/plant with 60.080cm, 1.970g, 1.850g, 2.600 and 16.390 respectively. At the average of both locations there were differences highly significant among lines due to days to maturity, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf stem ratio and number of bacterial nodules/plant. Line number IF067 produced the highest value for days to maturity and stem dry weight and number of bacterial nodules/plant with 155.6 days, 4.990 g and 14.27 respectively. The effect of seeding rate on seed yield and it is components for grass pea at the average of both locations and there was highly significant for the number of pod/plant, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index significant for 100 seed weight. As the average of both locations using 140 kg/h seeds produced maximum values for the most characters.
Entisar D. Mustafa; Bayan Y. AL-Abdullah; Faryal F. Hussein
Volume 21, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 23-38
Abstract
The study included a group of breastfeeding mothers from Salah al-Din Governorate and the surrounding villages, and the nursing mothers were divided into two groups and the number of breastfeeding mothers in each group was 6 mothers, three mothers in the city and three mothers in the village, and they ...
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The study included a group of breastfeeding mothers from Salah al-Din Governorate and the surrounding villages, and the nursing mothers were divided into two groups and the number of breastfeeding mothers in each group was 6 mothers, three mothers in the city and three mothers in the village, and they were given nutritional supplements for vitamins and fatty acids, both according to his group. Results for breastfeeding mothers' milk before and after giving them nutritional supplements, there are differences in the levels of vitamins and fatty acids. It was noticed that the level of vitamins in the milk after nursing mothers took the nutritional supplement differed, so it was retinol (242-268) μg / L for mothers in the city and (213-260). g / L for mothers in the village and β--carotene (320-367) μg / L for mothers in town and (315-361) μg / L for mothers in the village and α-tocopherol (182-279) g / L for mothers in town and (120-225) μg / L for mothers in the village and calciferol (309-382) μg / L for mothers in the city and (258-269) μg / L for mothers in the village. As for the omega group for breastfeeding mothers, the levels of fatty acids in their milk were after Breastfeeding mothers take a nutritional supplement only and Mega (3,6,9) all fatty acids in the milk of breastfeeding mothers increased, so it was for lauric acid (18.02-20.01) mg / L for mothers in the city and (18.02-20.11) mg / L for mothers in the village and for palmitic acid (18.07-24.25) mg / L for mothers in the city and (24.25-26.15) mg / L for mothers in the village and for oleic acid (14.09-29.93) mg / L for mothers in the city and (29.43-29.13) mg / L for mothers in the village and for linoleic acid (22.13-28.16) mg / L for mothers in the city and (22.11-22.14) mg / L for mothers in the village, and for linoleic acid (22.26-26.59) mg / L for mothers in the city and (26.15-26.54) mg / L for mothers in the village and for Arachidonic acid (12.94-18.15) mg / L for mothers in the city and (12.94-18.15) mg / L for mothers in the village, and this explains that breast milk is directly affected by the nutritional intake and nutritional supplements taken by breastfeeding mothers during the breastfeeding period
Wissam Ali; Wassem Ahmad; Mohammed Abrahem
Volume 19, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 23-28
Abstract
This study was conducted in Baibokhet area (8Km north of Mosul city). The study was designed to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of iron and vitamin B12 on milk production and body weight and blood characteristics of Awassi ewes. using 15 Awassi ewes with an average weights 35.3±0.65 ...
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This study was conducted in Baibokhet area (8Km north of Mosul city). The study was designed to determine the effect of subcutaneous injections of iron and vitamin B12 on milk production and body weight and blood characteristics of Awassi ewes. using 15 Awassi ewes with an average weights 35.3±0.65 kg and age 2-4 year thier, feed relied fully on grazing, were randomly divided in to three groups, (5 ewes/group), 1st group was regard as control, while the 2nd group injected Subcutaneous in average once for every ten days for three month with Iron and vitamin B12 with (5.5mg/kg body weight and 5.5mg/kg body weight ) respectively, The 3rd group injected with iron and vitamin B12 (11 mg /kg body weight and 11 mg/kg body weight) respectively. result showed treated groups with iron and vitamin B12 a significant effect (P≤0.05) compared with control group in ( Packed cell volume, red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration ,milk yield, final body weight, total gain and daily gain), Also results shows no a significant effect (P≤0.05) in (glucose, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin and milk fat%, milk protein%, milk lactose%, solid nonfat%) among treated groups compared with control group, In conclusion, iron and vitamin B12 injection in weaning lambs improved milk production, body weight and blood characters in Awassi ewes.
Salah H. Jumaa
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 29-40
Abstract
The seed rates are a significant factor influencing the vegetative, reproductive, and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Therefore, the response of varieties to different seed rates is constantly studied to find a suitable combination among them. The experiment was performed with three replications ...
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The seed rates are a significant factor influencing the vegetative, reproductive, and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Therefore, the response of varieties to different seed rates is constantly studied to find a suitable combination among them. The experiment was performed with three replications using a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Three seed rates were placed in the main plots (150, 200, 250 kg h-1), and seven wheat cultivars were placed in the sub-main plots (Sham 6, Tammuz2, Latifia, Sally, IPA 99, Rabiaa, and Abu Gharib). The results indicated that the IPA 99 during the average of the three seed rates was given the highest area of a flag leaf (44.25 cm2), grain per spike (78.85), spike per unit area m2 (441.81), and the grain yield (5.9) ton h-1. While the Sham6 gave the highest spike length (11.11 cm) and the weight of 1000 grains (35.20 g). The first seed rate (150 kg h-1) during the average of the seven cultivars was surpassed other seed rates for all traits except the plant height. IPA 99 and first seed rates combination was given the highest grain yield with (6.7) tons/hectare. Hence, it would suggest planting IPA 99 with first seed rates (150) kg h-1 in the location of this experiment. More tests can, however, be carried out at various locations in Iraq and with a wide variety of seed rates, to achieve the required combination for growing wheat and achieving high productivity with the cultivated cultivars.
