Mohammed Alatawi; Yousif Abd Alhamed Alhajoj; Raeed Mejbel Abdullah
Volume 24, Issue 3 , September 2024, , Pages 256-266
Abstract
This study was conducted in the center of Kirkuk governorate in the farms of a farmer for the agricultural season 2020/2021. The study included two factors, the first is the distance between the meadows, where the following distances were used (30-50-70 cm) and the second factor was a group of varieties ...
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This study was conducted in the center of Kirkuk governorate in the farms of a farmer for the agricultural season 2020/2021. The study included two factors, the first is the distance between the meadows, where the following distances were used (30-50-70 cm) and the second factor was a group of varieties (Local, Yildiz, Sciabola verde, Aquadulce 2, Lue Deotono, Aquadulce), and the land was divided according to the design of randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. The factor of the distances between the rows was distributed on the main panels and the factor of the varieties on the secondary panels, and the results indicated that by increasing the distance between the rows, the average of the studied traits increased, as the distance exceeded 30) cm in leaf area, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds, total yield (kg/ha), protein percentage in seeds (%), and distance (70) cm in number of pods per plant. Leafy and Aquadulus 2 for the number of pods per plant and the total yield (kg/ha), Chabla Single for the number of seeds per pod, Leodotono for the weight of 100 seeds, and the local variety for the percentage of protein in seeds (%), and the overlap between the varieties was P and the distances were significant, as the interaction between Aquadulus cultivar at distance D2 had the highest leaf area and the cultivar Leodotino at distance D3 in the number of pods per plant and the interaction between the cultivar Chabla Individual at the distance D1 was the highest in the trait of the number of seeds in the pod and the interaction between the cultivar Yildiz at the distance D2 the highest average weight of 100 Seed and the interaction between the cultivar Chabla Farida at the distance D2 in the trait of the total yield (kg/ha), and the interaction between the cultivar Leodutunu and the distance D3 was the highest in this trait in the percentage of protein in the seeds (%).
Akeel Abd ALMjbel; Mohammed Sumiea Najm; Pınar Portakal; Tuğba GÜRKÖK-TAN
Volume 24, Issue 3 , September 2024, , Pages 313-321
Abstract
Aflatoxins, toxic metabolites produced by fungi in grains, cause economic losses and health problems in the poultry industry. This study investigates the protective effectiveness of xylo-oligosaccharides (0.4% and 0.8% g/kg) in mitigating the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 3 mg/kg) contamination ...
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Aflatoxins, toxic metabolites produced by fungi in grains, cause economic losses and health problems in the poultry industry. This study investigates the protective effectiveness of xylo-oligosaccharides (0.4% and 0.8% g/kg) in mitigating the adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 3 mg/kg) contamination in broiler diets. Experimental groups included: no supplement, 3 mg/kg aflatoxin, 0.4% xylo-oligosaccharide, 0.8% xylo-oligosaccharide, 3 mg/kg aflatoxin + 0.4% xylo-oligosaccharide, and 3 mg/kg aflatoxin + 0.8% xylo-oligosaccharide. Weekly live weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, bursa of Fabricius weight, and internal organ weights were evaluated. Results showed that AFB1-contaminated feed reduced weekly and final weight, weekly and final weight gain, and weekly feed intake, while increasing the feed conversion rate. AFB1 also had detrimental effects on internal organ weights. Xylo-oligosaccharide alone did not significantly improve performance and increased abdominal fat. However, the combined use of AFB1 and xylo-oligosaccharides mitigated the negative effects of AFB1. The addition of 0.8% xylo-oligosaccharide was particularly effective in reducing the adverse effects of AFB1 in broiler chickens.
Zeyad Naji; Majid Ali
Volume 23, Issue 2 , June 2023, , Pages 106-115
Abstract
The research aimed to identify the level of performance of workers in agricultural extension in Diyala Governorate in general, as well as to identify the level of performance of workers in agricultural extension in the fields of extension work, namely (organization, planning, implementation, evaluation ...
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The research aimed to identify the level of performance of workers in agricultural extension in Diyala Governorate in general, as well as to identify the level of performance of workers in agricultural extension in the fields of extension work, namely (organization, planning, implementation, evaluation and technology transfer) , As well as identifying the correlation between the performance of workers in agricultural extension the number of years of life, the levels of agricultural academic study, and the number of years of extension service .The research population included all agricultural extension workers in the Directorate of Agriculture and Agricultural People and the Extension Center if the number of its employees reached (460) employees .The research showed that the level of performance of agricultural employees in Diyala province is of the average category in general ,There was a contrast in the level of performance of employees in the fields extension work, as it was found that the level of performance of employees in the fields of organization, planning and implementation is average. In the fields of evaluation and technology transfer, performance was average and tended to decline ,The research showed that there is a significant correlation between the level of performance of the respondents, and the variable of the number of years life, the number of years of agricultural academic study, and the number of years of extension service. The researcher recommends the importance of determining the actual extension work of agricultural workers, and holding training courses for agricultural cadres working in the field of agricultural extension to raise the level of their performance, especially in the fields of evaluation and technology transfer , and the need to pay attention to independent variables that have a moral correlation when preparing for job courses.
Mahbuba Mustafa; Sazan Hussein
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2023, , Pages 17-24
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of adding ginkgo biloba (GB) and curcumin extracts in rabbit drinking water, as growth promoter, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activities and immunoglobin statues. A total of 40 New Zealand White rabbit (NZW) at 5 weeks of age assigned to 4 ...
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This study was performed to investigate the effect of adding ginkgo biloba (GB) and curcumin extracts in rabbit drinking water, as growth promoter, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activities and immunoglobin statues. A total of 40 New Zealand White rabbit (NZW) at 5 weeks of age assigned to 4 treatments with four replicates. Gingko biloba (T2) and Curcumin extracts (T3) and their mix (T4) had no significantly differences among all treatments in initial weight, feed and water intake, also in body temperature. While, body weight and body weight gain had significantly (P≤0.05) increased in the all groups of water additive compared with control (T1). As well as FCR (feed conversion ratio) had significantly (P≤0.05) improved in the treatments T2, T3 and T4, compared with the control group T1. Otherwise, the heart rate (beat) was significantly (P≤0.01) decreased in the treatments respectively compared with the control T1. Quite good results were achieved that approve the curcumin and ginkgo biloba extract has a direct influence on the production and blood parameter, improve immunoglobins and antioxidant enzymes concentrations in blood serum.
Khasraw M. Hassan
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 58-70
Abstract
One of the most important aspects of livestock is the supply of essential quantities of balanced nutrients manufacture. In several physiological functions of nutrients, concerning organisms, protein has an important role. Ruminants are not wholly protected of amino acids by microflora degradation of ...
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One of the most important aspects of livestock is the supply of essential quantities of balanced nutrients manufacture. In several physiological functions of nutrients, concerning organisms, protein has an important role. Ruminants are not wholly protected of amino acids by microflora degradation of animal feed sources and by maintaining proteins from the breakdown in the rumen where both high and medium yielding ruminant amino acids are required, they must be met; therefore, rumen-protected protein (RPP) dietary supplementation, including primarily rumen-protected protein (RPP), methionine (RPMeth), protected from rumen flora, it was necessary. Numerous scientists are attracted in the study of the character of (RPMeth) in a dairy cow about it’s an impact on milk produce, growth rate, N- efficiency, coefficient digestibility, intake of DM. Unluckily, the findings obtained from many RPMeth investigations showed excessive fluctuation results in ruminant nutrition between its helpful and useless influence, specifically during early and late lactation periods. Thus, for ruminants, when they use this review post, farm owners may be careful when they are plan to apply RPMeth to the diet of animals. In summary, supplementation RPMeth also has a positive balanced effect, even with no detrimental effect on the yield of milk, animal productivity and hemato-biochemical parameters, especially during the early lactation when used with a ruminant diet low in crude protein
Sheren Mohammad; Hurea Abdulrazaq; Jinan Abulrahman; Sardar Sardary
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 18-28
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary supplementation with two levels of powdered flax seed and the impact of different quails' lines and the influence of diet × line on the productive performance, and some hematological traits. A total of 162 laying quail in three lines of ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a dietary supplementation with two levels of powdered flax seed and the impact of different quails' lines and the influence of diet × line on the productive performance, and some hematological traits. A total of 162 laying quail in three lines of color as white (W); black (B); and yellowish brown (Y) were randomly distributed into three treatment groups with three replicates/treatment/line T0: control (standard diet); T1 and T2 were standard diet supplemented with 3% and 6% flax seed powder (FSP), respectively. The results upon the overall period of rearing showed that: both FI (g/bird/d) and FCR (g feed: g egg) were the lowest in T1 group than both T2 and T0 groups. HDEP (%) and egg mass (g/ hen/d) of T1 group were significantly higher than other groups. Hematological results explain that T1 group owned significantly higher RBC and HCT (%) than both control and T2 groups. Genetic distance results showed that genetic similarity values range between 0.795 to 0.800. According to the UPGMA dendogram test the white line was the most distant than other two lines genetically. Genetic variation refers to the good genetic resources in the local quail. This study is one of the few studies on determining the effect of interaction between diet and line in the local quail in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, also it represents the first study in Erbil province that depending on the use of RAPD - PCR as a tool to genetic diversity for local quail. Generally, can be concluded and recommended that using 3% flaxseed powder has satisfactorily impacts on performance and health in different local quails' lines.
