Chia Omer Othman; Zaid Khalaf Khidhir; Eman Dhahir Arif
Volume 23, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 95-106
Abstract
Because of their toxicity, when present in concentrations beyond the allowable limit, heavy metals in our environment have been a source of great concern. These metals are released into the environment in a variety of ways that favor consumption, such as through industrial processes. Fish are the most ...
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Because of their toxicity, when present in concentrations beyond the allowable limit, heavy metals in our environment have been a source of great concern. These metals are released into the environment in a variety of ways that favor consumption, such as through industrial processes. Fish are the most popular type of seafood. This study's purpose was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Co) in the muscles of Cyprinus carpio from three distinct areas of Dukan Lake (the center of Dukan Lake, Ranya, and Qaladze) of Sulaimani province. The mean values of the elements examined in fish muscles were measured in the descending sequence of Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni > Co. All the discovered heavy metals were within the permitted FAO levels, except for cadmium, whose value (0.136 ppm) was higher than the 0.05 ppm threshold set by the European Union and government (EC, 2006). In conclusion, consuming such fish poses no dangers to humans based on detected amounts of targeted heavy metals except cadmium. The concentration of Co is affected by the location, sex, and season of fish captured, while the concentration of Cu and Ni are affected by fish sex.
Zaid Khidhir
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2023, , Pages 133-145
Abstract
Due to the accompanying hazards of cytotoxicity and systemic diseases following intake of such metals, especially in areas with rising industrial and agricultural activity, exposure to heavy metals through chicken consumption is a crucial issue for human health. In Kurdistan Region-Iraq, poultry meat ...
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Due to the accompanying hazards of cytotoxicity and systemic diseases following intake of such metals, especially in areas with rising industrial and agricultural activity, exposure to heavy metals through chicken consumption is a crucial issue for human health. In Kurdistan Region-Iraq, poultry meat and their products (especially local chicken) are widely consumed from population. On the point of view the present study was conducted to access the concentration levels of Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) heavy metals from some selected regions of Sulaymaniyah province (Bazyan, Dukan, Mergapan and Tanjaro) were measured in different body parts (breast and liver) of backyard chicken using Thermo Fisher Scientific inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that the residues of cadmium (Cd) in both samples (meat and liver) from all regions were within the permissible limit (0.3 mg/kg) by FAO/WHO, except Dukan region for liver sample, which recorded the value (0.355 mg/kg). The concentration of Copper (Cu) in meat and liver samples of all regions was exceeding than the permissible limit (0.3 mg/kg), levels proposed by FAO/WHO and the highest concentration was detected in of Dukan followed by Mergapan (11.541 and 11.372 mg/kg) respectively for liver sample. Lead (Pb) was found exceeding the permissible limit levels of 0.1 mg/kg in the liver samples of all the regions (0.147–0.729 mg/kg), except for Mergapan which recorded low value (0.091 mg/kg). Concerning Pb concentration in breast samples the value from Dukan and Tanjaro (0.118 and 0.149 mg/kg) was exceeding the permissible limit, while from Bazyan and Mergapan (0.082 and 0.022) the value was within permissible limit. As the most consumed section of the chicken has been determined to be among the tissues with the least contamination, liver, which is often less consumed by the local populace as compared to meat, was discovered to have relatively higher metal concentrations.
Bayan Rahim
Volume 23, Issue 2 , June 2023, , Pages 162-170
Abstract
The present study was conducted aiming to determine the effects of different irrigation water sources on some heavy metal uptake by winter crops (Cauliflower and Broccoli). This experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, and three water irrigation sources ...
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The present study was conducted aiming to determine the effects of different irrigation water sources on some heavy metal uptake by winter crops (Cauliflower and Broccoli). This experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, and three water irrigation sources (Clean water, Wastewater, and alternate use of the a clean-water followed by two Wastewater irrigation, under the surface irrigation system, during the growing seasons in 2018-2019. The results showed that Broccoli crops heavy metal uptake (Pb, Cd, Fe and Cu) were significantly higher in broccoli irrigated with clean and waste water sources alternatively (B-W2 Treatment) (0.0250 ± 0.000, 0.0421 ± 0.001, 4.2247 ± 0.001, and 0.1513 ± 0.001),respectively, compared to the rest of other treatments while the lowest concentrations of the studied heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Cu) recorded in cauliflower irrigated with clean water (C-C1 treatment) (0.0239 ± 0.000, 0.0383 ± 0.001, 4.2077 ± 0.001 and 0.1447 ± 0.001), respectively.
Jinan Bazzaz; Nidhal Yakub; Ghazy Hammad
Volume 23, Issue 2 , June 2023, , Pages 201-208
Abstract
The diet is the main rout of exposer of heavy metals; therefore the evaluation of these metals in human’s dietary intake is important. The study examined the concentration of some residues of heavy metals (copper, Arsenic and Lead ) in different poultry products such as chicken frozen thigh and breast ...
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The diet is the main rout of exposer of heavy metals; therefore the evaluation of these metals in human’s dietary intake is important. The study examined the concentration of some residues of heavy metals (copper, Arsenic and Lead ) in different poultry products such as chicken frozen thigh and breast muscle originating from Brazil and Turkey, Etimad and Shemal local company chicken frozen thigh and breast muscle, local quail frozen thigh and breast muscle as well as local quail eggs. The results of the study indicated that the highest concentrations of Copper (Co) and Arsenic ( As) were found in Brazilian frozen thigh and breast muscles compared with other products. However, the concentrations of these metals were within permissible and safe for human consumption. Lead (Pb) concentrations chicken frozen thigh and breast muscle originating from Brazil was found to be high (p≤0.05) and above permissible level than chicken and quail frozen meat as well as eggs.
Bayan Rashid Rahim; Hemin Abubakir Neima
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 120-131
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigated the assessed total content of Arsenics, Ba, Pb, Rb, Sn, Sr, U and V in serpentinitic soils and rocks that wide spread over Penjwin and Mawat area in Sulaymaniyah governorate/ Kurdistan region of Iraq. This research was carried out during the seasons of 2018-2019 ...
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The present study aimed to investigated the assessed total content of Arsenics, Ba, Pb, Rb, Sn, Sr, U and V in serpentinitic soils and rocks that wide spread over Penjwin and Mawat area in Sulaymaniyah governorate/ Kurdistan region of Iraq. This research was carried out during the seasons of 2018-2019 in seven pedons (1, 2 and 3 from Penjwin area, 4,5, 6, and 7 from Mawat area) that chosen according to the variation in chemical composition of the parent materials that soil developed. The pedons of Penjwin area were classified as Inceptisols, while the pedons from Mawat area were classified as Mollisols. The results showed that the total selected metals concentration of soils in all pedons were varied, and the total contents of heavy metal in the soil samples decreased in the order of V > Sr > Ba > Rb > Pb > As >Sn > U. The total concentration of As, Ba, Pb, Rb, Sn, Sr, U and V in soils were ranged between (< 0.2 to 11.8, 20 to 310, 1.3 to 22.7, 3.2 to 71.4, 0.2 to 4.1, 69.1 to 179.0, 0.1 to 1.9 and 88 to 277 mg kg-1) respectively. In addition, V contents in these soils were higher in compared to the other studied elements, with considerable variation between pedons on different landscapes, which reflected the serpentinitic differences and degrees in chemical weathering of the associative serpentinitic rocks. Total concentration of studied metals in rocks from both areas were varied and these values ranged between (<5 to 6.0, <10 to 10, 6 to 37.3, 0.2 to 1.2, <0.2 to 17.3, 5.2 to 137, <0.1 to 0.4 and 15 to 206 mg kg-1) for As, Ba, Pb, Rb, Sn, Sr, U and V respectively.
Qusay Younis; Rafed Abdul razak; Farooq Kamel
Volume 19, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 36-40
Abstract
The Study focused many commercial brands of split peas (Pisum sativum L) imparted frozen Peas selected from Various origins available in the local markets of Tikrit city in Salah Addin province to be investigated , which are (Mersin peas , super fresh peas , Farm peas and Montana peas). They were researched ...
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The Study focused many commercial brands of split peas (Pisum sativum L) imparted frozen Peas selected from Various origins available in the local markets of Tikrit city in Salah Addin province to be investigated , which are (Mersin peas , super fresh peas , Farm peas and Montana peas). They were researched in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences in the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University), which were studied in laboratories Food Science, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University. The levels of several mineral elements were determined as the calcium content ranged in peas Mersin, Super, Montana and Pharm (4.59, 4.13, 4.27, 4.40) mg/kg, while the amount of potassium was (1086.2) mg / kg in Peas Pharm at a minimum. The highest concentration was in Peas Montana (1095.4) mg / kg. The maximum amount of iron, copper and chromium was less than (0.1) mg / kg in all peas samples. Super, Pharm and Montana (0.11, 0.1, 0.3, 0.7) mg / kg, the concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, nickel and lead were less than (0.1) mg / kg while zinc concentrations were less than (0.05) mg / kg in all brands Thoughtful, the study indicates the high level of all metals in the brand of Montana Peas.
Naif Ahmed
Volume 19, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 8-18
Abstract
The current study included collecting samples of water and soil from three main agricultural sites on Aldanfeeli Valley in Mosul city (North Iraq), where soil samples included two from each location, one for agricultural soil watered with untreated Valley water, and the second sample was from the adjacent ...
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The current study included collecting samples of water and soil from three main agricultural sites on Aldanfeeli Valley in Mosul city (North Iraq), where soil samples included two from each location, one for agricultural soil watered with untreated Valley water, and the second sample was from the adjacent uncultivated soils. A fourth site was chosen for the purpose of comparison at the end of Aldanfeeli Valley where the cultivated soil was watered with water of the Tigris River before the confluence of the River Valley. In addition to estimating the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe) in both water and soils, the present study aimed to identify some chemical and physical properties of the soils, namely: electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, calcium carbonate, cations and anions, soil texture, and specific gravity. Despite the fact that the waters of Aldanfeeli Valley are poor for agricultural purposes in terms of salinity and total concentrations of both chloride and half of sulphate ions, the results showed that all soils do not suffer from the problems of salinity and alkalinity. Regarding the concentrations of heavy elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe), their averages in the cultivated soils (23.86, 5.98, 75.14, 7.53 and 140.18) p.p.m. respectively, were higher than their counterparts in non-cultivated ones (18.70, 5.47, 36.82, 6.17 and 114.63) p.p.m. respectively. All soil samples especially the cultivated ones indicated higher concentrations than those of the irrigation waters (6.47, 4.87, 8.87, 2.27 and 7.07 p.p.m. respectively. The iron recorded at all sites higher means when compared to the rest elements. These were (140.18 and 114.63) p.p.m. in both the cultivated and noncultivated soils respectively. In both the second and the third sites of the cultivated soils; lead concentration averages of (114.25 and 91.06) μg g-1 respectively, have exceeded its standard limit (50 μg g-1); whereas, cadmium concentration averages in these two sites were (8.23 and 6.88) μg g-1 respectively, have exceeded its critical limit (5 μg g-1).
