Rahel Hamad; Jasim Shallal; Kamal Kolo
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 8-19
Abstract
Soil reflectance spectroscopy has become a pioneering technique for quantifying soil properties that provide data for soil classification and digital soil mapping studies. This work was conducted with the aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil spectrometric properties between surface and subsurface ...
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Soil reflectance spectroscopy has become a pioneering technique for quantifying soil properties that provide data for soil classification and digital soil mapping studies. This work was conducted with the aim to analyze the spatial variability of soil spectrometric properties between surface and subsurface soil under three land use patterns namely; pine, barren land and oak in Sherawa village, northeast Iraq.
Soil samples were collected from the three land types at two depths: surface soil at 0–15 cm and subsurface soil at 15–30 cm in duplicates totaling 6 collected soil samples. The elemental composition and mineral phases of soils were determined by X-ray fluorescent XRF and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively for qualitative and quantitative characterization. Magnesium oxide (MgO) was highest detected concentration in the surface soil layer reaching 34.16%, 36.75%, and 33.63%, respectively for pine, barren land and oak compared to 41.57%, 38.54%, 33.94% of the respective concentration in the subsurface soil layer samples of pine, barren and oak. Whereas, calcium and iron were the lowest percentages of pine in the surface and subsurface soil layer samples by (2.19%, 4.85%, 3.39%, and 4.55%, respectively). At the same time as, the percentages of oak in the surface and subsurface soil layer samples were (2.24%, 4%, 2.99% and 4.93%, respectively).The results indicate that the use of spectrometric analysis of soils in the field or in the laboratory can positively enhance soil characterization and typification surveys. Moreover, the influence of the silicates near 1400 nm by Al or Mg-OH and OH group were very apparent in the SWIR spectral regions of oak and pine in the subsurface soil. The results also showed the differences in soil color and reflectance between surface soil samples and subsurface surface soil for all site locations. Further studies are proceeding for more investigation at larger scale concerning analyzing the spatial variability of soil spectrometric properties with depth under different land use patterns..
Radhwan Al-Kiki; Jassim Al-Rawi
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2020, , Pages 98-106
Abstract
This study was held in Fadhlia region, 22 km northeast of Mosul city, province center, and aims at knowing the effect of olive trees in soil optical properties, three sites of olive orchards were chosen with different ages and agricultural processes, the age of trees in first site is 200 years old, second ...
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This study was held in Fadhlia region, 22 km northeast of Mosul city, province center, and aims at knowing the effect of olive trees in soil optical properties, three sites of olive orchards were chosen with different ages and agricultural processes, the age of trees in first site is 200 years old, second site is 10 years old and third is 25 years old, three soil pedons were drilled under olive trees, and three others in uncultivated land, and several photographs for soil sites were taken using a digital camera to calculate RGB values, the color of the soil was then measured in field and laboratory using Munsell soil color charts, and use the Spectroradiometer in laboratory to draw the spectral reflectance curves of soil, the results obtained that RGB values were high in dry soils and decrease in moist state, and the percentage of spectral reflectance was lower than that of (47.3%) in the surface horizon soil of p5 under olive trees, hue, value and chroma were different between the layers of study sites in the field and laboratory for dry and moist state, and low values of the spectral reflectance were observed in surface horizons of most soil pedons at the wavelength (1750) nm .