Tikrit Journal of Agricultural Sciences (TJAS) is a fully open-access journal. All articles are freely and permanently available online to all users immediately upon publication. All content is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows users to read, download, print, share, translate, reuse, and redistribute the content in any medium or format for any lawful purpose, provided proper attribution is given to the original work and authors.

Authors retain the copyright to their work.

Benefits of open access for authors include:

• Free and unrestricted access for all users worldwide

• Increased visibility and global readership

• Authors retain copyright without limitations

• Rapid and wide dissemination of research