Bekhal M. Hama; Shilan Mahmood Ahmed; Mihraban Sharif Maeruf; Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir
Volume 24, Issue 2 , June 2024, , Pages 280-297
Abstract
Water deficit stress triggers complex physiological and biochemical retorts in plants. Different plant species have also involved numerous morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted at the College ...
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Water deficit stress triggers complex physiological and biochemical retorts in plants. Different plant species have also involved numerous morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during April 2021 to study the effects of four treatments of licorice [T1: control with no licorice powder and extract; T2: licorice powder with soil; T3: licorice extract sprayed at 2 weeks after emergence and twice a week thereafter; and T4: licorice powder with soil, and licorice extract sprayed at 2 weeks after emergence and twice a week thereafter] on the vegetative parameters of six maize genotypes under water stress conditions. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications was applied in this research. The results obtained indicated that, there was genetic variation among the genotypes in the response to water stress. The maximum shoot length, shoot dry weight, leaf area index, proline content, soluble sugar content, and total phenolic content were exhibited by genotype (PR36 BO8) with 49.462 cm, 5.244 g, 0.941, 2844.166 µg g-1, 248.055 µg g-1, and 174.681 µg g-1 respectively, while minimum shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, and root fresh weight were shown by genotype (ZP 434 XA) with 37.05 cm, 29.511 g, 3.357 g, 54.104 cm, and 17.493 g, respectively. This means, genotype (PR36 BO8) is more tolerant to water stress conditions compared to the genotype (ZP 434 XA) that is more susceptible. The second treatment (T2) had a more significant effect on most of the studied criteria compared to other treatments.
Hossam Mamdouh Hamid; Omar Nazhan Ali; Qatada Ibrahim Abdullah
Volume 22, Issue 2 , June 2022, , Pages 86-95
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season (2019) at the Research Station of Field Crops Department / College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, to study the effect of spraying potassium on the growth characteristics, yield and its components of the three genotypes of corn (Zea Mays L.). ...
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A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season (2019) at the Research Station of Field Crops Department / College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, to study the effect of spraying potassium on the growth characteristics, yield and its components of the three genotypes of corn (Zea Mays L.). The first factor contained two concentrations of foliar spraying with potassium (2500 and 5000 ppm) and the second factor was three genotypes of corn (DKC6589, DKC6120, and ZP). The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), with three replications. The results showed that foliar spraying with potassium had a significant effect for both levels on the following characteristics: plant height (171.50 cm), leaf area (6157.56 cm2), the weight of 300 grains (104.99 g), and total grain yield (9.134 Mg ha-1) .The genotypes were also significantly affected by the following traits. The genotype (DKC 6120) gave the highest values: Plant height (173.60 cm), leaf area (5992.83 cm2), ear length (18.14 cm), number of days from planting until 50% of tasseling (56.72 days), number of days from planting until 50% of silking (60.54 days), number of rows per ear (15.64 row ear-1), number of seeds per row (27.75), the number of grains in the ear (418.97), the weight of 300 grains (101.50 g), and the total grain yield (9.535 Mg ha-1).
Saud M. Saleh Joaani; Basim Fadhel Al-Douri
Volume 21, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 79-90
Abstract
The research came with the aim of analyzing the government support provided by the state to farmers for the purpose of increasing the production of the wheat crop and trying to reach the stage of self-sufficiency, and the time period (1992-2019) was adopted as the basis for this analysis. And as it turned ...
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The research came with the aim of analyzing the government support provided by the state to farmers for the purpose of increasing the production of the wheat crop and trying to reach the stage of self-sufficiency, and the time period (1992-2019) was adopted as the basis for this analysis. And as it turned out after applying the corrected least squares model (FMOLS), the results of the model showed that the significant variable (Y) represents the production of the wheat crop and the variable (X1) the support provided to the wheat crop, and the relationship was direct between the amount of support provided to wheat and the amount of production, and its parameter was (0.000708). As for the parameter of the independent variable, the local price of wheat (X2), there was a significant and direct relationship between the local price of the crop and the quantity of production, and its parameter was (0.003796), while the parameter of the independent variable was the global price of wheat (X3), the relationship was significant and negative with the quantity of production, and its parameter was (-8.174128). The parameter of the independent variable (X4) represented the cultivated area and its positive and significant relationship with the amount of production, and its parameter was (0.418500), while the parameter of the independent variable represented the size of loans for wheat crop (X5), its relationship was significant and negative between the size of loans and the amount of production, and its parameter was (0.014039). The analysis proved that the policies that the state operates in Iraq towards the wheat crop had a positive impact on the product and the produced quantities of the wheat crop, and at the same time it achieved a positive impact on the degree of consumer welfare in providing food. He concluded that the government support policy in Iraq played a successful role in stimulating the agricultural production process and increasing the production of the wheat crop, and had a positive role in increasing the quantity supplied of wheat, but it did not reach the level of satisfying the actual demand. The research recommends preventing the arrival of quantities of the wheat crop to Iraq informally or legally and of inefficient quality, which affects the prices of the local product and creates unbalanced competition.
Riyadh Dawood Khudhar Algharb; Jamil Yassin Al-Tamim; Mahmoud Fadhel Al-Douri
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 20-35
Abstract
The study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) on grape vines (Halawani and Kamali varieties) in the vine yard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design- College of Agriculture- Tikrit University. The vines cultivated in 2016. The experiment was conducted with three ...
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The study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) on grape vines (Halawani and Kamali varieties) in the vine yard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design- College of Agriculture- Tikrit University. The vines cultivated in 2016. The experiment was conducted with three factors, the first, is the varieties (Halawani and Kamali), the second is agricultural Sulfur (S) with three levels, (S0:, S1: 250 g. vine-1,and S2: 500 gm. vine-1) and the third factor is the spraying of “Super Docson” nutrient solution with three concentrations (P0 : spraying with distilled water, P1 : 1.2 ml. L-1 , P2 : 2.4 ml. L-1). The spraying was done in Early morning to until complete wetness. The experiment was carried out with the split plot system in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The varieties took the main plots, while the sulfur and nutrient treatments were randomly distributed on the sub plots, by three replications and the results showed That, the Halawani variety was excellence on Kamali in most studied traits, and which included (leaf area of vine(m2.vine -1) , main branch length(cm), leaf chlorophyll content, vine yield(kg) and total yield(tons.ha-1). And the results showed excellence at concentrate 2.4 ml. L-1 for nutrient and at level 500 g for sulfur in most studied traits.
Ahmad Abdullah; Afrah Abdul Karim
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
Six hybrids maize (Zea mays L.) line:(1) ZM4L,(2) ZM51L,(3) ZP-301,(4) ZM19L, (5) OH, and(6) Un440 were used in crossing program for obtaining first-generation hybrids during the spring 2016 season. Selfing F1s’ of the previous hybrids on autumn season of the same year led to obtained the second-generation ...
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Six hybrids maize (Zea mays L.) line:(1) ZM4L,(2) ZM51L,(3) ZP-301,(4) ZM19L, (5) OH, and(6) Un440 were used in crossing program for obtaining first-generation hybrids during the spring 2016 season. Selfing F1s’ of the previous hybrids on autumn season of the same year led to obtained the second-generation hybrids. The inbred lines Two generations hybrids were planted on 2017 spring season. The experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates. The goal of the experiment was to find out the performance of genotypes and estimation of heterosis based on the best parent, of the commercial hybrid (CADZ). of first-generation hybrids and inbreeding depression of the second-generation on the days to female flowering. Other characteristics including; plant height, leaf area, number of rows per ear , number of kernel in each row, weight of 300 grains, and yield of individual plant . The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant differences of all the studied characteristics of each parents, the first-generation, and second-generation except for the number of days of male flowering. Hybrid; Un440 x ZM4L showed a significant and desirable heterosis for the plant height, leaf area, and number of kernel in the rows compared to the best parents and commercial variety. The hybrids; ZM19L x ZM51L and Un440 x ZM51L, showed it did not happen to them inbreeding depression because of the negative and significant correlation with the desired the number of kernels in the row. While, the hybrid; OH x ZM4L , for the number of rows per ear and the hybrid; OH x ZM19L , for the weight of 300 grains.
