Saud M. Saleh Joaani; Basim Fadhel Al-Douri
Volume 21, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 79-90
Abstract
The research came with the aim of analyzing the government support provided by the state to farmers for the purpose of increasing the production of the wheat crop and trying to reach the stage of self-sufficiency, and the time period (1992-2019) was adopted as the basis for this analysis. And as it turned ...
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The research came with the aim of analyzing the government support provided by the state to farmers for the purpose of increasing the production of the wheat crop and trying to reach the stage of self-sufficiency, and the time period (1992-2019) was adopted as the basis for this analysis. And as it turned out after applying the corrected least squares model (FMOLS), the results of the model showed that the significant variable (Y) represents the production of the wheat crop and the variable (X1) the support provided to the wheat crop, and the relationship was direct between the amount of support provided to wheat and the amount of production, and its parameter was (0.000708). As for the parameter of the independent variable, the local price of wheat (X2), there was a significant and direct relationship between the local price of the crop and the quantity of production, and its parameter was (0.003796), while the parameter of the independent variable was the global price of wheat (X3), the relationship was significant and negative with the quantity of production, and its parameter was (-8.174128). The parameter of the independent variable (X4) represented the cultivated area and its positive and significant relationship with the amount of production, and its parameter was (0.418500), while the parameter of the independent variable represented the size of loans for wheat crop (X5), its relationship was significant and negative between the size of loans and the amount of production, and its parameter was (0.014039). The analysis proved that the policies that the state operates in Iraq towards the wheat crop had a positive impact on the product and the produced quantities of the wheat crop, and at the same time it achieved a positive impact on the degree of consumer welfare in providing food. He concluded that the government support policy in Iraq played a successful role in stimulating the agricultural production process and increasing the production of the wheat crop, and had a positive role in increasing the quantity supplied of wheat, but it did not reach the level of satisfying the actual demand. The research recommends preventing the arrival of quantities of the wheat crop to Iraq informally or legally and of inefficient quality, which affects the prices of the local product and creates unbalanced competition.
Mohammed Subhi Altaweel; Wiam Yahya Rasheed Al-Shakarchy
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 52-58
Abstract
The importance of assessing the ge net ic parameters comes in knowing how the ge net ic factors are transmitted from one generation to another, as well as their relationship to each other and their effect on determining the ph enotypic of the plant. And this is through knowing the ge net ic behavior ...
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The importance of assessing the ge net ic parameters comes in knowing how the ge net ic factors are transmitted from one generation to another, as well as their relationship to each other and their effect on determining the ph enotypic of the plant. And this is through knowing the ge net ic behavior and the nature of the ge net ic action, which is of great importance in determining the appropriate method for breeding and improvement. Selection for a high yield in crops, including faba bean, requires knowledge of the nature and amount of varia nce in germplasm because ge net ic differences are desirable for plant breeders. The success of any breeding program must depend on the desired ge net ic varia nce present in the plant community, and had it not been for the occurrence of these variants, the plant species that surpassed their parents in productive and qualitative characteristics would not have been found. In view of the increasing demand for the crop of faba bean as an important food and medical source for humans, as well as the absence of breeding stations concerned with preserving the varieties cultivated in the country or developing new varieties with desirable production and quality specifications, for the purpose of advancing the current reality of producing this crop, researchers have devoted their efforts to exploit the means and ge net ic information they have available as tributaries of breeding and improving this crop, where many plant breeders were interested in the phenomenon of heterosis, and it was exploited in the development of many hybrids with high productivity and good quality.
Riyadh Dawood Khudhar Algharb; Jamil Yassin Al-Tamim; Mahmoud Fadhel Al-Douri
Volume 21, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 20-35
Abstract
The study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) on grape vines (Halawani and Kamali varieties) in the vine yard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design- College of Agriculture- Tikrit University. The vines cultivated in 2016. The experiment was conducted with three ...
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The study was conducted during the two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) on grape vines (Halawani and Kamali varieties) in the vine yard of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design- College of Agriculture- Tikrit University. The vines cultivated in 2016. The experiment was conducted with three factors, the first, is the varieties (Halawani and Kamali), the second is agricultural Sulfur (S) with three levels, (S0:, S1: 250 g. vine-1,and S2: 500 gm. vine-1) and the third factor is the spraying of “Super Docson” nutrient solution with three concentrations (P0 : spraying with distilled water, P1 : 1.2 ml. L-1 , P2 : 2.4 ml. L-1). The spraying was done in Early morning to until complete wetness. The experiment was carried out with the split plot system in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The varieties took the main plots, while the sulfur and nutrient treatments were randomly distributed on the sub plots, by three replications and the results showed That, the Halawani variety was excellence on Kamali in most studied traits, and which included (leaf area of vine(m2.vine -1) , main branch length(cm), leaf chlorophyll content, vine yield(kg) and total yield(tons.ha-1). And the results showed excellence at concentrate 2.4 ml. L-1 for nutrient and at level 500 g for sulfur in most studied traits.
Humam Arefae; Waill Jasim; Emad Al-qaisy
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 47-54
Abstract
In this study, ten pure maize strains were introduced in the hybridization program according to the factorial design mating system proposed by Comstock and Robinson (1948 and 1952) and were divided into two groups: a local adapted inbred lines and strain 839 and cv 890 used as parents, (ZM51L, ...
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In this study, ten pure maize strains were introduced in the hybridization program according to the factorial design mating system proposed by Comstock and Robinson (1948 and 1952) and were divided into two groups: a local adapted inbred lines and strain 839 and cv 890 used as parents, (ZM51L, ZP-301, OH, IK-58, IK-8, SH, R-153) were used as females, The seeds of the ten parents and twenty-one hybrids were swon in the field of a farmer in the Zlaya area (south of Tikrit) using a random complete block design with three replicates ( RCBD ). The hybrid vigor was studied in methods (on the basis of the first generation deviation of the average and the best parents) The number of rows in per ear, the number of grains in the row, the number of grains in per ear, the weight of 300 weight and the single plant yield. The results showed significant differences between genotypes (parents and first-generation genotypes) of all characters except the number of ears in the plant at a probability level of 1%. the hybris superior (IK-58 x local strain), (ZP-301 x 839)(IK-58 x 839), (ZM51L x C.V890) and (OH x CV 890) were based on the deviation of the average first generation from the average parents And the best parents of all characters studied.
Ahmad Abdullah; Afrah Abdul Karim
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March 2019, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
Six hybrids maize (Zea mays L.) line:(1) ZM4L,(2) ZM51L,(3) ZP-301,(4) ZM19L, (5) OH, and(6) Un440 were used in crossing program for obtaining first-generation hybrids during the spring 2016 season. Selfing F1s’ of the previous hybrids on autumn season of the same year led to obtained the second-generation ...
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Six hybrids maize (Zea mays L.) line:(1) ZM4L,(2) ZM51L,(3) ZP-301,(4) ZM19L, (5) OH, and(6) Un440 were used in crossing program for obtaining first-generation hybrids during the spring 2016 season. Selfing F1s’ of the previous hybrids on autumn season of the same year led to obtained the second-generation hybrids. The inbred lines Two generations hybrids were planted on 2017 spring season. The experiment was carried out by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates. The goal of the experiment was to find out the performance of genotypes and estimation of heterosis based on the best parent, of the commercial hybrid (CADZ). of first-generation hybrids and inbreeding depression of the second-generation on the days to female flowering. Other characteristics including; plant height, leaf area, number of rows per ear , number of kernel in each row, weight of 300 grains, and yield of individual plant . The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant differences of all the studied characteristics of each parents, the first-generation, and second-generation except for the number of days of male flowering. Hybrid; Un440 x ZM4L showed a significant and desirable heterosis for the plant height, leaf area, and number of kernel in the rows compared to the best parents and commercial variety. The hybrids; ZM19L x ZM51L and Un440 x ZM51L, showed it did not happen to them inbreeding depression because of the negative and significant correlation with the desired the number of kernels in the row. While, the hybrid; OH x ZM4L , for the number of rows per ear and the hybrid; OH x ZM19L , for the weight of 300 grains.
