Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of The Pathogens Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas tolaasii on the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bisporus and Evaluation of Some Desert Plant Extracts for Control Them

https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.22.1.13
Volume 22, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Winter 2022
Pages 134-148
Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Document Type : Articles

Authors

Abdullah Abdulkareem Hassan 1
Idham Ali A bed 2
Ahmed Fawzi Shafeeq 3
Idham Ali Abed 4

1 College of Agriculture University of Tikrit

2 College of Agriculture University of Anbar

3 Center for Desert Studies - University of Anbar

4 College of Agriculture- University of Anbar

Abstract
Seven isolates of Pseudomonas bacteria were isolated from the casing soil and 11 fungal isolates from mushroom farm residues in the mushroom production farm - College of Agriculture , Tikrit University. According to the pathogenicity test, the highest infection rate was recorded by the bacterial isolate 1077, It was diagnosed to the species level as Pseudomonas tolaasii according to the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. It was registered globally in the NCBI website within the accession number MW085029.1, this record is the first for this bacteria in Iraq, while the fungal isolate 1076 showed the highest pathogenicity and this isolate was diagnosed phenotypically to the level of the genus Trichoderma and diagnosed to the level of species T. harzianum according to the nucleotide sequences of the 5.8S rRNA gene and registered globally in the NCBI website within the accession number MW147763.1. In studying the effect of treatments of alcoholic extracts of Atriplex tatarica and Haloxylon salicornicum and their powder in the presence of the pathogenic fungus T. harzianum (Th) and the pathogenic bacteria P. tolaasii (P.t) on the morphological characteristics, infection rate, productivity and quality of mushroom Agaricus bisporus, the results showed that the pathogens had no effect on the most of the morphological characteristics, while the treatment (A. tatarica and H.salicornicum extracts 4 mg/ml + P. tolaasii + T. harzianum) was the best treatment that increased the productivity of the A. bisporus, reduced the severity and rate of infection, and improved of some qualitative characteristics.

Keywords

Atriplex tatarica
Haloxylon salicornicum
Alcholic extracts
brown spot disease
green rot disease
edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus
  1. Ahmad, Jamal; Hassan, Abdullah A. A. (2015). Estimation the Effect of Carbon Supplementations Additive at Casing in the Productivity and Quality Characterizes of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 15(2): 10-21.
  2. http://tujas.tu.edu.iq/index.php/ph/article/view/266
  3. Al-Rawi, Khase’a Mahmoud and Abdel Aziz Muhammad Khalaf Allah. (1980). Design and analysis of agricultural experiments. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul.
  4. Alkurtany, A., Hassan, A. A., & Yousef, H. (2018). Biochemical and Molecular Identification of P.fluorescens Isolated from Iraqi Soils and Evaluation of Their Efficacy in Production of Plant Growth Promoting Compounds and Inhibitor Compounds for Macrophomina phaseolina. Tikrit Journal For Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 143-157.
  5. http://tujas.tu.edu.iq/index.php/ph/article/view/63
  6. AOAC International .(2002).Official Methods of analysis of AOAC International.17th edition current through 1strevision. Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Association of Analytical Communities.
  7. Choi, H., J. Cho, Q. Jin, E. Woo and D. G. Lee. (2012). Antifungal property of dihydrodehhydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9ʹ-O-β-D-glucoside and its pore-forming action in plasma membrane of Candida albicans. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta1818: 1648-1655.
  8. Cadet J, Wagner JR. (2014). Oxidatively generated base damage to cellular DNA by hydroxyl radical and one-electron oxidants: similarities and differences. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Sep 01;557:47-54.
  9. Colavolpe, M. B., S. J. Mejia and E. Alberto. (2014). Efficiency of treatment for controlling Trichoderma spp during spawning in cultivation of ligniocolous mushrooms. Brazilian journal of Microbiology. 45(4): 1263-120.
  10. Fekadu ,A. (2015) .Cultivation of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on Coffee Husk at Dilla University, Ethiopia, Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 3(2): 63-70.
  11. Hassan, B. A. , Hassan, A. Abdulkareem and A. A. Idham (2014) Evaluate several types of soils prepared locally in the production of mushroom Agaricus bisporus. International Journal for environment and Global Climate Change. 2(4):197-205.
  12. Hassan, Abdullah A.; Ahmed, Waleed Khaled. (2015).Evaluation of Compost and Biological Control Efficiency Agents in Charchol Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Codi on Corn. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 15 (3): 77-99. http://tujas.tu.edu.iq/index.php/ph/article/view/256
  13. Hassan,A.A., Natheer,A.M. and Mahmoud,A.R.(2002).Improvement of agronomic characters and productivity of Agaricus bisporus Lange(Imbach),using some organic sources. Iraqi J. Agric.7(3)104-112.
  14. Hassan,A.A., and Mahmoud, A.R.(2003). Outdoor cultivation of two white edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis . Iraqi J. Agric. 8(2):59-66.
  15. Hatvani , L., Z. Antal, , M. Lasszlo, . I. S. Druzhinina, C. P. Kubicek, A. Szekeres,C. Vagaolgy and L. Kredics.(2007). Worldwide Green Mold Disease of the Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is Caused by Two New Species of Trichoderma, T. fulvidum and T.pleurotophilum. Intrenational journal of medical mushroom . 9 (3&4):241-242.
  16. Kimatu, B. M., Zhao, L., Biao, Y., Ma, G., Yang, W., Pei, F., and Hu, Q. (2017). Antioxidant potential of edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus protein hydrolysates and their ultrafiltration fractions. Food chemistry, 230, 58-67.
  17. Martins M, McCusker MP, Viveiros M, Couto I, Fanning S, Pagès JM, Amaral L.(2013). A Simple Method for Assessment of MDR Bacteria for Over-Expressed Efflux Pumps. Open Microbiol J. 7:72-82.
  18. Mckinney, H. H. (1923). Influence of soil temperature and moisture on infection of wheat seedling by Helminthosporium sativum. J. Agric. Res. 26: 195-217.
  19. Miller,C.S., K.M.Handley, K.S.Wrighton, K.R.Frischkorn,B.C. Thomas and J.F.Banfield.(2013).Short-read assembly of full-length 16S amplicons reveals bacterial diversity in subsurface sediments. PloS one, 8(2):e56018.
  20. Nathaniel Storey.y. Mojgan Rabiey. y . Benjamin W. Neuman, RobertW. Jackson and Geraldine Mulley .(2020). Genomic Characterisation of Mushroom Pathogenic Pseudomonads and their Interaction with Bacteriophages. Journal viruses. 12, 1286; doi:10.3390/v12111286.
  21. Royse , D.J.(1985). Effect of spawn run time and substrate nutrition on yield and size of shiitake mushroom . Mycologia. 77: 756 - 762.
  22. Sante ,L.N. (201)1 .Recent advances on bacterial diseases of cultivated mushroom . Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP7): 452-460.
  23. Shafeeq, A. F. Abed, I. A. and Hassan, A. A. (2021). Evaluation of the efficiency of some desert plant extracts in the growth of Agaricus bisporus and the inhibition of some of its pathogens. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Accepted for publication.
  24. Tanvi Taparia, Marjon Krijger, Edward Haynes, John G. Elphinstone, Ralph Noble and Jan van der Wolf. (2020).Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas from Agaricus bisporus caps reveal novel blotch pathogens in Western Europe BMC Genomics. 21:505.
  25. White,T.J.,Buns, T.,Lee,S.and Taylor , J.w.(1990)."Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes forr phylogenetics".inc:guide to Methods and Applications , Academic press USA.pp.315-322.

Home

Aims and Scope

Submit Manuscript

Editorial Board

Peer Review Process

Publication Ethics

Plagiarism Policy

Copyright and licensing

Animal and Ethical Approve

Conflict of Interest Policy

Use of DOI

Guide for Authors

Authorship

Reviewers

The Time Period of Reviewing Process

Article Processing Charges (APC)

Allegations of Misconduct

Journal Metrics

Contact Us

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Appeals and complaints

Self-Archiving Policy