Nadhim M.Jawad Ali; Waleed Yousif Kassem; Assad Hassan Eissa; Amad Falah Hassan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
This study was conducted in the animal field of the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah, where thirty Arabi females' sheep were randomly selected and divided into three weight groups (26-15), (27-38) and (above 39) kg. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and ...
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This study was conducted in the animal field of the research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Basrah, where thirty Arabi females' sheep were randomly selected and divided into three weight groups (26-15), (27-38) and (above 39) kg. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and centrifuged to separate blood plasma to study the effect of body weight on some biochemical parameters (cholesterol, total protein, GOT, GPT and ALP enzymes) and some sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH) and metabolic hormones (growth hormone, IGF-1 and leptin). The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of cholesterol, total protein and ALP enzyme in blood serum when body weight increased. There was also a significant increase in the concentration of sex hormones and some metabolic hormones when body weight increased from 15 to more than 39 kg. Growth hormone did not show a significant difference compared to other weight groups.
maha saeed shada
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
The research aimed to identify the knowledge training needs of wheat growers in scientific recommendations related to growing the crop in the villages of Siha Othman and Ain Hayawi/Al-Shirqat District/Salah al-Din Governorate in general. and also determining the relationship between the knowledge training ...
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The research aimed to identify the knowledge training needs of wheat growers in scientific recommendations related to growing the crop in the villages of Siha Othman and Ain Hayawi/Al-Shirqat District/Salah al-Din Governorate in general. and also determining the relationship between the knowledge training needs of wheat growers in scientific recommendations related to growing the crop and some of the following independent factors:) age, educational level, number of years of work in growing the crop, type of holding, sources of information, and participation in extension activities related to growing the wheat crop ( . The research community included all wheat growers, numbering (87) growers, a random sample was taken at a rate of (46%), thus the number of growers became (40) growers. The results showed that the categories of those with medium and high Knowledge training needs represented about (72.5%) of the number of respondents. The results also showed a significant correlation at the level of (0.01) between (age, sources of information, educational level, number of years of work in growing the crop, type of holding) and Knowledge training needs. The study also indicated that the average level of growers’ problems towards growing wheat is large.
Mais Ahmad Naoof; Roula Mohammad Said Bayerli
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
The present study was carried out in Hamah province, Syria, during the period from (2021-2022), to study the effect of treatment with Trichoderma harzianum bio-fertilizer (at a concentrations of 105, 106, 107 spores/ml) and EM1 bio-fertilizer (at a concentrations of 5, 10, 15 ml/l) and the indole acetic ...
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The present study was carried out in Hamah province, Syria, during the period from (2021-2022), to study the effect of treatment with Trichoderma harzianum bio-fertilizer (at a concentrations of 105, 106, 107 spores/ml) and EM1 bio-fertilizer (at a concentrations of 5, 10, 15 ml/l) and the indole acetic acid (IAA) (at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm) and their interactions on growth, photosynthetic pigment concentration and Fruit quality of tomato plants (Mersini variety). The chemical analysis was carried out in the laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture Engineering - Damascus University - Syria. The study contains 21 treatments and the data was calculated using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that treatments with IAA 50 ppm ,Trichoderma harzianum 105 spores/ml, EM1 at all concentrations and their combination treatments with IAA 50 ppm improved all studied indicators compared to control, except TA parameter which increased with treatment IAA at 100 ppm and its combination with bio-fertilizers at all concentrations. The combination treatment of Trichoderma harzianum 105 spores/ml and IAA 50 ppm resulted in the best morphological parameters (34.17 Days for Days to first flower, 39.17 Days for Days to first flowerset, 56.22 Days for Days to 50 % flowering), photosynthetic pigment concentration (4.69 mg/g Chlorophyll A, 2.17 mg/g Chlorophyll B, 2.05 mg/g Carotene), and TSS (4.82 Brix°). While the treatment trichoderma harzianum 105 spores/ml alone resulted in the best TSS/TA (20.53) and The combination treatment of trichoderma harzianum 107 and IAA 100 ppm resulted in the best TA (0.47 %).
Baidaa G Ofi; Mohammed Hamza Abass; Yehya Ashoor Salih
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
Several spots and necrotic symptoms fungi-caused in the aerial parts of the Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) are spreading and causing painful economic losses for farmers in Basra Province. Fungi were isolated from severely infected faba bean leaves and stems with leaf spots and necrosis from farms in the Shaat-Al-Arab ...
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Several spots and necrotic symptoms fungi-caused in the aerial parts of the Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) are spreading and causing painful economic losses for farmers in Basra Province. Fungi were isolated from severely infected faba bean leaves and stems with leaf spots and necrosis from farms in the Shaat-Al-Arab and Abu-Alkhaseeb regions. Morpho-cultural examinations on media and molecular analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers and sequence and phylogenetic analysis were carried out for further identification of fungi of spots-causative, and tested of their pathogenicity. Morpho-cultural examinations showed that isolated fungi typified diverse species of Alternaria. While molecular and phylogenetic analyses revealed the identities of eight different Alternaria species, A. alstroemeriae, A. arborescens, A. chlamydospora, A. concatenta, A. gaisen, A. infectoria, A. porri and A. terricola. Each ITS sequence was deposited at NCBI and submitted with a gene accession number. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all Alternaria species were able to induce disease symptoms on the local sensitive variety of Faba bean under greenhouse conditions; these disease symptoms were similar to those reported in the field. This is the first report of several Alternaria species causing Faba bean aerial part spot and necrosis disease in Basrah/ Iraq. Further studies are needed to better understand the disease complexity among these species of pathogens and to identify the best measures to control the disease.
Gona Sirwan Sharif
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT The life cycle and effectiveness of insecticides against Chrysolina herbacea adults under laboratory conditions were determined in this study. C. herbacea was chosen for this study because it is a major pest of Lamiaceae plants, particularly those in the genus Mentha. Significant damage is caused ...
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ABSTRACT The life cycle and effectiveness of insecticides against Chrysolina herbacea adults under laboratory conditions were determined in this study. C. herbacea was chosen for this study because it is a major pest of Lamiaceae plants, particularly those in the genus Mentha. Significant damage is caused to plants by them consuming their leaves. The results of the life cycle revealed that the total egg, larval, pupal, and pre-oviposition periods were determined to be 8.5 ± 1.9, 21.7 ± 1.3, 32.6 ± 2.6, and 11.8 ± 1.2 days, respectively. The life cycle (from egg to pre-oviposition) was 73.3 ± 7.9 days. The toxic effects of alpha-cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid on the mortality rate of C. herbacea adults were tested in laboratory conditions. Alpha-cypermethrin showed a maximum mortality rate in C. herbacea adults after 24, 48 and 72 h (26.7, 33.3 and 40 %) respectively. Meanwhile, Acetamiprid's minimum mortality rate (16.7 and 20 %) was observed after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Results showed that alpha-cypermethrin was the most toxic to C. herbacea adults among the treated synthetic pesticides
Bekhal M. Hama
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
Drought is considered an important constraint that hampers the growth, development, and productivity of Zea mays crops worldwide. The study is intended to determine changes in the morphological, physiological, antioxidant, and yield parameters of corn crops caused by drought, and assess the effects of ...
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Drought is considered an important constraint that hampers the growth, development, and productivity of Zea mays crops worldwide. The study is intended to determine changes in the morphological, physiological, antioxidant, and yield parameters of corn crops caused by drought, and assess the effects of chitosan NPs in reducing physiological and biochemical changes and overcoming drought-induced yield losses. The drought was maintained during the vegetative phase on two drought-contrasting maize hybrids, ZP6666 (tolerant) and Drami (sensitive), by limiting irrigation and maintaining 50% field capacity (moderate DS), and 25% field capacity (severe DS). Chitosan NPs were sprayed with 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1 corn leaves. Using 100 mg L-1 chitosan NPs significantly increased most characteristics, except RWC, which showed a non-significant response in drought-prone maize leaves. The recovery of drought was notable in both hybrids. Water stress as moderate and severe drought stress conditions reduced kernel yield/pot, while spraying chitosan nanoparticles on maize leaves increased yields by 42 and 10 percent for tolerant and 8.5 and 9 percent for sensitive hybrids at both stress conditions respectively. This study suggests that chitosan NPs with concentrations of 100 mg L-1 play a remarkable role in combating the negative effects of drought. These nanoparticles can improve the plant's osmotic state, activate ROS elimination enzymes to maintain membrane integrity and cell protection, and increase yields in drought conditions.
Nahla T Khalid; Shatha Alkhalidy; Shaymaa Khairi; Shaymaa Lafta
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
The core portion of the wheat grain that results from the milling process is called the germ. Therefore, the study's goal was to create alcoholic, water-based extracts and oil of wheat germ, and to produce cream using a major proportion of the extracts and oil. The oil was extracted by supercritical ...
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The core portion of the wheat grain that results from the milling process is called the germ. Therefore, the study's goal was to create alcoholic, water-based extracts and oil of wheat germ, and to produce cream using a major proportion of the extracts and oil. The oil was extracted by supercritical fluid method (SFE) using CO2 as solvent. Our experiment used a GC-MS, or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, to examine and determine the wheat germ oil components. Phytochemical screening detected glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, coumarin, saponin, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids, in the wheat germ extracts and oil. Additionally, the study examined the effects of various extracts on the antioxidants, free fatty acids, and organoleptic characteristics of freshly made and stored cream samples for ten days at 8°C ± 1. It was found that wheat germ oil extract exerted stronger antioxidant activity than ethanol and water extracts. This research showed that the incorporation of oil from wheat germ at a concentration of 0.4% could extend samples of cream that can be stored for up to 10 days at 8 ± 1°C. This extension in shelf life was achieved without the need for any chemical preservatives, while still maintaining acceptable taste, flavor, and texture. This study found that wheat germ oil and extracts offer a substitute for artificial preservatives in the food industry. It will also assist researchers in identifying important aspects of functional dairy products that many others could not investigate
Abdu Hussein Jaafer Abdullah; Mohammed A. Jasim Aldoghachi; Qusay Hamid Al-Hamadany
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
Due to the lack of studies that were conducted on fish populations and the impacts of the tide on fish diversity, composition, and abundance in the East Hammar Marsh, to evaluate the status of the marsh from January to December 2020. Some ecological variables were measured and represented by water temperature, ...
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Due to the lack of studies that were conducted on fish populations and the impacts of the tide on fish diversity, composition, and abundance in the East Hammar Marsh, to evaluate the status of the marsh from January to December 2020. Some ecological variables were measured and represented by water temperature, salinity concentrations, and hydrogen ions. A total of 4217 individual fish were caught from the study area, epitomizing 18 families belonging to 29 genera and 37 fish species, all affiliated with Osteichthyes. Cyprinidae and Engraulidae represented the most abundant families, shared in four species each. Four species preside over the East Hammar marsh, forming 62.58% of the total number of species in the investigated area: Planiliza abu, Carassius gibelio, Thrayssa whiteheadi, and Poecilia latipinna recorded 20.44%, 17.76%, 14.28%, and 10.10%, respectively. The fish fauna diversity included the native species, where 14 species formed 28.05% of the total caught. Nine exotic species comprise 48.19% of the overall fish. The marine species were 14 species, counting 23.76% of the total catch. The present study concluded that the marsh was subjected to deterioration in the environment due to increased salinity, which led to a change in fish assemblage composition to exotic, ornamental fish and marine species, with a decline in the number of individuals of native fish species.
Mohammed Jawad; Yousif Abd AlHamed AlHajoj; Kotada Ibrahim Abdullah
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was carried out during the season 2022-2023 at the Field Crops Research Station (FCRS), located at Agriculture College, Tikrit University in a gypsum soil, to investigate the effect of humic acid on wheat growth, development, and yield. By Using the Randomized Complete Block ...
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Abstract A field experiment was carried out during the season 2022-2023 at the Field Crops Research Station (FCRS), located at Agriculture College, Tikrit University in a gypsum soil, to investigate the effect of humic acid on wheat growth, development, and yield. By Using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Split-plot, with three replications, three levels of humic acid, 0, 20, 40 kg.h-1, were located at the main block and fifteen cultivars of wheat, Sham 6, Sham 8, Eba 95, Eba 99, Tammuz 2, Tammuz 3, Karada, AlEzz, Maxibac, Abu Ghraib 3, Al-Fateh, Intisar, Latifa, Bohoath 22, Rashid, were located at the secondary blocks, the experiment was applied. The number of days to expel the spikes, the number of active tillers, the number of spikes were calculated, and flag leaf area, plant height, and 1000 grains weight were measured. The result indicated that the level 40 kg.h-1 of humic acid significantly had a higher impact for all traits compared with the other two levels. As well as, Eba 99 and Tammuz 2 were significantly higher in all traits compared with other verities. According to the results, we suggested using 40 kg.h-1 and the cultivars Eba 99 and Tammuz 2 to plant in the gypsum soil conditions.
Salahaldeen H. Altai; Hudhaifa Maan AL-Hamandi; Awss M. Khairo; Omar Nazhan Ali; Ibrahim Ortas
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 June 2025
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the water consumptive use, growth, and yield of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under drought stress in Gypsifereous soil. The experimental station of the soil science and water rescuers dept. College of Agriculture, ...
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A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the water consumptive use, growth, and yield of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under drought stress in Gypsifereous soil. The experimental station of the soil science and water rescuers dept. College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, located at 34°40 49 and 43° 38 40 longitude and 129 m above sea level. The experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factorial combinations, mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, and the second factor three irrigation levels still benefited 25, 50, and 75 % of water available water. The best results were that water consumption ranged between 649.5 and 758.9 mm. The post-depletion irrigation treatment and the inoculation treatment outperformed all growth traits and yielded all other therapies. The interaction between mycorrhizal inoculation and post-depletion irrigation gave the best results in all traits which reached plant height, leaf area, number of branches, grain weight, dry mass yield of the vegetative system, and grain yield, were 84.33 cm, 4.84 cm2, 464.36, 5.69 ton.ha-1 and 471.30 kg m-2 respectively outperforming all other treatments.
Waleed Ismail Kurdi; Imad Dawood saleh; Omar Farooq Najem
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 June 2025
Abstract
This study involved exposing male Japanese quail to a gradual increase in light intensity over a 12-week trial period to alleviate the stress induced by high-intensity lighting throughout the rearing phase. In the trial, 60 birds aged 48 days were allocated into four treatments, each consisting three ...
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This study involved exposing male Japanese quail to a gradual increase in light intensity over a 12-week trial period to alleviate the stress induced by high-intensity lighting throughout the rearing phase. In the trial, 60 birds aged 48 days were allocated into four treatments, each consisting three replications, with each replicate containing five birds. The raising facility was designed to meet the unique requirements of the study. The lighting schedules were established, with a standardized 8-hour dark interval. T1 (control): 16 hours of light; T2: 15 hours of light with a 20-minute intensity increase; T3: 14 hours of light with a 40-minute intensity augmentation; T4: 13 hours. The results revealed no significant variations in the blood plasma biochemical markers, such as glucose, protein, albumin, and globulin, across all treatments. A notable rise (P≤0.05) in LDL levels was detected in T3 relative to T1 (control) and T4. Moreover, ALT enzyme levels were markedly elevated (P≤0.05) in T2 and T4 relative to the control group. ALP enzyme levels were markedly increased (P≤0.05) in T3 relative to the control. No significant differences were observed in the relative weights of internal organs across the treatments. Nevertheless, melatonin hormone levels showed a marked reduction (P≤0.05) in T3 and T4 relative to T1. The results indicate that the incremental rise in light intensity alleviated stress, increased avian comfort, and improved certain blood biochemical indicators in male Japanese quail.
Kutaiba Yuser Aied; Mohammed J. Farhan; Ghassan J. Z.
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 June 2025
Abstract
Low soil fertility results in lower productivity. Constantly exposed to chemical fertilizers leads to the health risks. The focus recently faces to organic productivity. Vermicompost is one of an important organic fertilizer, its beneficial for sustainable production. Therefore, this study was conducted ...
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Low soil fertility results in lower productivity. Constantly exposed to chemical fertilizers leads to the health risks. The focus recently faces to organic productivity. Vermicompost is one of an important organic fertilizer, its beneficial for sustainable production. Therefore, this study was conducted at research station in Department of Horticulture and Landscape/ College of Agriculture/ Tikrit University to evaluate the addition of vermicompost with high advantages in the growth and yield of lettuce in different methods viz, control (C), add regular soil mixed with soil (V1), add compost tea in one batch (V2), add compost tea in two batches (V3), dilute compost tea to 50% concentration and add twice (V4) and dilute compost tea to 25% concentration and add weekly in four batches (V5). The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) The comparison of means was performed by Least Significant Difference at a P≤ 0.05 probability level. Results showed that V4 gave significant increment in chlorophyll, percentage dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in leaves, additionally organic matter nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in soil. On the other hand, V1 had highest values in root weight, length of largest leaf and stem diameter. Meanwhile, V5 treatment increased significantly in total number of leaves, Width of largest leaf and percentage of oil in leaves. This indicates the importance of adding vermicompost, either directly or as compost tea at a concentration of 50% in two batches, in improving soil properties and lettuce growth and yield characteristics.
Ali Jalil Qeas; Thamer A. Khattb; Arkan Baraa Mohammed; Yasir M. Kamil
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 June 2025
Abstract
A recent experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on hematological parameters, blood biochemical indices, and productive performance in female turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo). A total of 36 clinically healthy turkey hens, aged 26 ...
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A recent experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on hematological parameters, blood biochemical indices, and productive performance in female turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo). A total of 36 clinically healthy turkey hens, aged 26 weeks, were acquired and reared under controlled environmental and managerial conditions throughout the study period. The birds were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups: Group A (control, 0% Moringa), Group B (1% inclusion), Group C (1.5%), and Group D (2%), with three replicates per treatment and three birds per replicate.Hematological parameters evaluated included red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and total and differential leukocyte counts. Blood biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, and liver enzyme activities (ALT and AST) were also measured. Productive performance indicators—live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)—were monitored throughout the trial.Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatment means. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaf meal significantly improved several hematological and biochemical parameters, indicating enhanced physiological status and immune competence. Moreover, the inclusion of Moringa leaf meal positively affected growth performance, with Group D (2% Moringa) showing the most favorable outcomes across all production traits.
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